“…Bright light invokes physiologic dysregulation in NICU infants and can contribute to poor visual development (Watanabe et al, 2013). Finally, noxious smells from disinfectants, adhesives, lubricants, skin care products, and hand hygiene products induce pain responses in NICU infants (Frie, Bartocci, Lagercrantz, & Kuhn, 2017;Kuhn, Astruc, Messer, & Marlier, 2011;Lipchock, Reed, & Mennella, 2011).…”