Exploring the Mechanical, Thermal and Ballistic Effects of Carbon Black on Paraffin-Based Fuels for Hybrid Rocket Motors

Fernandes, Paula Cristina; Gomes, Jéssica Santos; Kawachi, Elizabete Yoshie; Nagamachi, Marcio Yuji; Ferrão, Luiz F. A.; Cardoso, Kamila Pereira

doi:10.5028/jatm.etmq.64

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It can be observed that major mass loss of pure paraffin sample occurred in a single step. The onset decomposition temperature of paraffin was observed at around 522 K, which corresponds to the decomposition of low molar mass chains [38]. The addition of CB additives into paraffin increased the thermal stability, and the initial decomposition of the P-CB2 sample started at around 544 K. In fact, the black carbon addition enhanced the thermal stability by decreasing the chain mobility.…”

Section: Mechanical Performancementioning

confidence: 98%

“…In short, paraffin samples loaded with CB showed the highest melting temperature and melting enthalpy reduction among all the tested fuel formulations. Fernandes et al [38] predicted that adding additives tends to increase the melting temperature of paraffin, whereas; the inclusion of CB can oppose this effect. In addition to melting temperature and melting enthalpy, the irregular shape of the additive particles indicates a higher surface reactivity (per unit surface area) in the oxygen chemisorption process, which is the first stage before ignition [42].…”

Section: Thermal Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These paraffin droplets were ejected unburnt through the nozzle and burnt in the combustion plume outside the nozzle. Whereas, in the case of additives-loaded fuels, the carbon black acted as an opacifier and enhanced the radiation heat absorption of the paraffin [11,38]. Since the diffusion of radiation from the flame to the unmodified paraffin surface may have resulted in the uncontrolled shedding of fuel.…”

Section: Regression Rate Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances on graphene microstructure engineering for propellant‐related applications

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As a special polymeric composite and military-strategic material, composite solid propellant has attracted extensive attention and efforts to improve its performances. Graphene been regarded as an ideal material to enhance the performances of propellants, because of its excellent physical and chemical properties, such as ultra-strong strength, large specific surface area, remarkable thermal conductivity, and phenomenal electrical performance. Moreover, the microstructure engineering based on graphene has been demonstrated to reveal effective influences on the composites. Recently, many new advances have been developed in microstructure engineering of graphene for propellant-related applications. In this article, we first present an overview of the main synthesis methods of graphene. Subsequently, these new advances are reviewed, discussed, and summarized carefully. Finally, the application prospects of microstructure engineering of graphene in the propellant field are proposed.

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Evaluation of Regression Rate Enhancing Concepts and Techniques for Hybrid Rocket Engines

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The low regression rate of Hybrid Rocket Engines (HREs) is one prominent characteristic that is addressed in most abstracts concerning hybrid propulsion. Over the years, researchers developed and investigated numerous ways to tackle the low regression rate problem of HREs. This article is a collection and assessment of these diverse methods and designs. It allows for a quick overview of the different mechanisms that are being employed and can serve both as information and inspiration. The enhancement ideas are grouped together as (a) adjustments to the solid fuel chemical properties, (b) advanced injection methods and concepts and (c) improving the combustion chamber design. These different techniques are discussed and their individual impact on the regression rate is assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. All methods that are presented come with a different set of advantages and disadvantages, making the regression rate enhancement a trade-off problem. In our view, the most promising designs and methods are those that only call for minor adjustments to the HRE design, as they can be also added to already existing engines. Above all, it is to be said that regression rate enhancing techniques that change the unique features of HREs (namely safety, simplicity and low cost) are to be employed with caution. Only if the achievable regression rate increase is justifying the implications for the HRE in the envisioned use-case, these concepts represent promising alternatives to the status quo.

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Exploring the Mechanical, Thermal and Ballistic Effects of Carbon Black on Paraffin-Based Fuels for Hybrid Rocket Motors

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Combustion performance of hybrid rocket fuels loaded with MgB2 and carbon black additives

Combustion performance of hybrid rocket fuels loaded with MgB2 and carbon black additives

Recent advances on graphene microstructure engineering for propellant‐related applications

Evaluation of Regression Rate Enhancing Concepts and Techniques for Hybrid Rocket Engines

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