Exploring the Liquid-like Layer on the Ice Surface

Goertz, Matthew P.; Zhu, Xiaowei; Houston, Jack E.

doi:10.1021/la9001994

Cited by 50 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…without doping the surface with impurities, and studies that have dealt with the thickness and the properties of the ice surface will be reviewed in this section. (Golecki and Jaccard, 1978) on basal ice, ellipsometry on (e) basal and (f) prismatic crystal surfaces, (g) atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Döppenschmidt and Butt, 2000) on a 100 ml frozen droplet and vapour deposited on mica, (h) AFM (Pittenger et al, 2001) for vapour-deposited ice on metal, (i) AFM (Goertz et al, 2009) for ice frozen on a metal substrate, (j) ambient pressure near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (Bluhm et al, 2002) for vapourdeposited ice on metal, HeNe laser optical reflectance (Elbaum et al, 1993) on basal crystals in the presence of (k) water vapour and (l) 30 Torr air, TIP4P/Ice MD simulations (Conde et al, 2008) for (m) basal and (n, o) prismatic crystals, (p) general thermodynamic solution (Dash et al, 2006) .…”

Section: The Disordered Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Snow in the environment acts as a host to rich chemistry and provides a matrix for physical exchange of contaminants within the ecosystem. The goal of this review is to summarise the current state of knowledge of physical processes and chemical reactivity in surface snow with relevance to polar regions. It focuses on a description of impurities in distinct compartments present in surface snow, such as snow crystals, grain boundaries, crystal surfaces, and liquid parts. It emphasises the microscopic description of the ice surface and its link with the environment. Distinct differences between the disordered air–ice interface, often termed quasi-liquid layer, and a liquid phase are highlighted. The reactivity in these different compartments of surface snow is discussed using many experimental studies, simulations, and selected snow models from the molecular to the macro-scale. Although new experimental techniques have extended our knowledge of the surface properties of ice and their impact on some single reactions and processes, others occurring on, at or within snow grains remain unquantified. The presence of liquid or liquid-like compartments either due to the formation of brine or disorder at surfaces of snow crystals below the freezing point may strongly modify reaction rates. Therefore, future experiments should include a detailed characterisation of the surface properties of the ice matrices. A further point that remains largely unresolved is the distribution of impurities between the different domains of the condensed phase inside the snowpack, i.e. in the bulk solid, in liquid at the surface or trapped in confined pockets within or between grains, or at the surface. While surface-sensitive laboratory techniques may in the future help to resolve this point for equilibrium conditions, additional uncertainty for the environmental snowpack may be caused by the highly dynamic nature of the snowpack due to the fast metamorphism occurring under certain environmental conditions. Due to these gaps in knowledge the first snow chemistry models have attempted to reproduce certain processes like the long-term incorporation of volatile compounds in snow and firn or the release of reactive species from the snowpack. Although so far none of the models offers a coupled approach of physical and chemical processes or a detailed representation of the different compartments, they have successfully been used to reproduce some field experiments. A fully coupled snow chemistry and physics model remains to be developed.

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Section: The Disordered Interfacementioning

confidence: 99%

“…atomic force microscopy (AFM); see Fig. 7) can vary by more than an order of magnitude, likely due to some combination of the aforementioned variability as well as, in the case of AFM, variation in the AFM tip temperature and composition (Döppenschmidt and Butt, 2000;Pittenger et al, 2001;Goertz et al, 2009). …”

Section: The Thickness and Effect Of Impuritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow

et al. 2014

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“…If even one surface does not, it will be favourable for ice to nucleate with that side at the water/vapour interface. Now, water apparently surface melts on all crystal facets, and not only near the melting temperatures but also at significantly lower temperatures [28][29][30] . Therefore the ice nucleus is expected to avoid the water/vapour interface and hence the contact line, which is what Gurganus et al 21 find.…”

Section: Contact Nucleationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The non-classical nucleation of crystals: microscopic mechanisms and applications to molecular crystals, ice and calcium carbonate

Sear

2012

International Materials Reviews

204

219

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Crystals form via nucleation followed by growth. Often nucleation data is interpreted using the classical theory of nucleation, which is essentially a simple theory for the nucleation of a fluid phase. I characterise this classical theory as making six assumptions; I discuss each assumption in turn. I then review experiments and simulations that find nucleation behaviour that cannot be described by the classical theory. The experiments are on the crystallisation from solution of molecules such as drugs and related molecules, ice and calcium carbonate. The review also covers work on non-classical nucleation in solutions of the protein lysozyme, and work on the fascinating phenomenon of nucleation induced by laser pulses. I hope this review will be of interest to those studying the crystallisation of both molecules and ions from solution. The review aims to advance our understanding of the crucial first step in crystallisation, and to enable researchers studying crystallisation in one system to learn from what others have done in studying analogous phenomena in different systems.

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“…While premelting is common to many solids, for ice, with a melting point of 0 ºC, it has broad consequences, ranging from geological and atmospheric sciences to daily life. More broadly, the debate over why ice is so slippery has been ongoing for over a century and a half and, while much is now known, the question is not entirely resolved [28,94,95].…”

Section: Liquification At the Surface Of Icementioning

confidence: 99%

“…IFM has recently been used by Goertz, et al, to investigate the thickness of this LLL layer with respect to temperature [28]. In the experiment, a glass tip was moved rapidly toward the ice surface, which sublimates (or evaporates) rapidly at these temperatures, while the interfacial force was recorded.…”

Section: Liquification At the Surface Of Icementioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the viscoelastic properties of water confined between surfaces of specified chemical nature.

Houston¹,

Grest²,

Moore³

et al. 2010

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This report summarizes the work completed under the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project 10-0973 of the same title. Understanding the molecular origin of the no-slip boundary condition remains vitally important for understanding molecular transport in biological, environmental and energy-related processes, with broad technological implications. Moreover, the viscoelastic properties of fluids in nanoconfinement or near surfaces are not well-understood. We have critically reviewed progress in this area, evaluated key experimental and theoretical methods, and made unique and important discoveries addressing these and related scientific questions. Thematically, the discoveries include insight into the orientation of water molecules on metal surfaces, the premelting of ice, the nucleation of water and alcohol vapors between surface asperities and the lubricity of these molecules when confined inside nanopores, the influence of water nucleation on adhesion to salts and silicates, and the growth and superplasticity of NaCl nanowires.

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Exploring the Liquid-like Layer on the Ice Surface

Cited by 50 publications

References 26 publications

A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow

A review of air–ice chemical and physical interactions (AICI): liquids, quasi-liquids, and solids in snow

The non-classical nucleation of crystals: microscopic mechanisms and applications to molecular crystals, ice and calcium carbonate

Studies of the viscoelastic properties of water confined between surfaces of specified chemical nature.

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