Exploring the Korean adolescent empathy using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)

Heesun, Yang，; Seongjoo, Kang

doi:10.1007/s12564-019-09621-0

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Our data revealed significant sex differences in empathy, which is generally in line with initial data measured by IRI [10]. Additionally, these are not specific for pandemic conditions, as they were reported earlier by other authors [10,[34][35][36][37][38]. Across all three subscales, females rated higher compared to males, which supports prior research [10,34].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Role of Empathy during COVID-19’s First Wave

et al. 2021

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The COVID-19 pandemic has spread throughout the world, and concerns about psychological, social, and economic consequences are growing rapidly. Individuals’ empathy-based reactions towards others may be an important resilience factor in the face of COVID-19. Self-report data from 15,375 participants across 23 countries were collected from May to August 2020 during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this study examined different facets of empathy—Perspective-Taking, Empathic Concern, and Personal Distress, and their association with cross-cultural ratings on Individualism, Power Distance, The Human Development Index, Social Support Ranking, and the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index, as well as the currently confirmed number of cases of COVID-19 at the time of data collection. The highest ratings on Perspective-Taking were obtained for USA, Brazil, Italy, Croatia, and Armenia (from maximum to minimum); on Empathetic Concern, for the USA, Brazil, Hungary, Italy, and Indonesia; and on Personal Distress, from Brazil, Turkey, Italy, Armenia, Indonesia. Results also present associations between demographic factors and empathy across countries. Limitations and future directions are presented.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Demographic factors associated with empathy (sex, age, and culture). Previous studies have highlighted sex differences in empathy, with females usually reporting higher scores compared to males [10,[34][35][36][37][38][39]. However, how these sex differences manifest during isolation in response to the pandemic is still unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Role of Empathy during COVID-19’s First Wave

et al. 2021

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“…All these studies evaluated randomized controlled trials. However, the results of this study were slightly lower than similar studies providing mindfulness interventions for adolescents (e.g., Hawk et al, 2013 ; Edwards et al, 2014 ; Bluth et al, 2016 ; Bluth and Eisenlohr-Moul, 2017 ; Yang and Kang, 2020 ). We attribute this discrepancy to the increased anxiety and stress experienced by adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

The effect of brief digital mindfulness-based interventions on increasing online charitable behavior in Chinese adolescents

Hong

Liang

et al. 2023

Front. Psychol.

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Digital mindfulness-based interventions (d-MBIs) have garnered significant research interest in recent years due to their psychological benefits. However, little is known about their impact on prosocial behaviors. This study investigates how d-MBIs impact prosocial behaviors where time spent is money, with Chinese adolescents as the subjects, through an online charity task (www.freerice.com). 119 students from a high school in China, who were inexperienced with mindfulness meditation, participated in this randomized controlled trial. The d-MBI group (N = 39) received online MBI guidance, while the face-to-face mindfulness-based intervention (f-MBI, N = 43) group underwent mindfulness intervention under personal tutors. The active control group (N = 37) completed a crossword task. Data analysis first involved repeated measures variance analysis, including pre-and post-intervention assessments. Subsequently, a two-way variance analysis was performed, with gender (female and male) and group (d-MBI, f-MBI, active control) as independent variables and the number of grains as dependent variables for the three groups of participants. Results showed that d-MBIs effectively improved empathy and compassion in Chinese adolescents, leading to increased rice donations to the United Nations World Food Program. These results underscore the positive effect of d-MBIs on prosociality and suggest their applicability in beneficial real-world situations involving prosocial behaviors, extending beyond previous research primarily conducted in artificial and hypothetical scenarios.

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“…Sex/gender difference was observed either in all the four IRI subscales (e.g. Davis, 1980 ; Yang and Kang, 2020 ) or in some of the four IRI subscales ( Gilet et al , 2013; Zhao et al , 2018 ) in different cultural samples. In addition, a study of adolescents aged between 13 and 16 years showed higher IRI scores in females than in males of the same age, and the sex/gender differences in IRI scores were increased with age ( Mestre et al , 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Are women more empathetic than men? Questionnaire and EEG estimations of sex/gender differences in empathic ability

Pang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience

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The debate regarding whether women are more empathetic than men has broad scientific, social, and clinical implications. However, previous independent questionnaires and brain imaging studies that tested different samples reported inconsistent results regarding sex/gender differences in empathic ability. We conducted three studies to investigate sex/gender differences in empathic ability using large-sample questionnaire and electroencephalography (EEG) measures. We showed that estimation of empathic ability using the interpersonal reactivity index questionnaire showed higher rating scores in women than men in all studies. However, our EEG measures of empathy, indexed by both phase-locked and non-phased locked neural responses to others' painful (vs. neutral) facial expressions, support a null hypothesis of the sex/gender difference in empathic ability. In addition, we showed evidence that priming social expectations of women and men's ability to share and care about others' feelings eliminated the sex/gender difference in questionnaire measures of empathic ability. Our large-sample EEG results challenge the notion of women's superiority in empathy that is built based on subjective questionnaire measures which are sensitive to social desirability. Our findings indicate that whether the notion of women’s superiority in empathic ability reflects a biological/social difference between women and men or a gender-role stereotype remains an open question.

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Exploring the Korean adolescent empathy using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Role of Empathy during COVID-19’s First Wave

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on the Role of Empathy during COVID-19’s First Wave

The effect of brief digital mindfulness-based interventions on increasing online charitable behavior in Chinese adolescents

Are women more empathetic than men? Questionnaire and EEG estimations of sex/gender differences in empathic ability

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