Exploring the Integration Between Colour Theory and Biodiversity Values in the Design of Living Walls

Abstract

Designing green infrastructure in cities requires vegetation that has multiple outcomes and functions, particularly using plants that have both attractive visual or aesthetic features and high biodiversity values. Plantings that have high visual appeal are more highly valued by people and increase their feeling of wellbeing. Increasing biodiversity in cities is one of the major challenges facing urban planning and design. However, balancing biodiversity and aesthetic outcomes in urban planting design is complex, and to date there are few methods that can be used to guide plant selection. To address this knowledge gap, we investigated the use of a colour theory framework for planting arrangements to see if we could design vegetation that is highly aesthetic and has high biodiversity. We did this by configuring planting combinations for living walls in Malmö, Sweden, using principles based on Johannes Itten’s colour theories. The plant combinations on each wall were graphically arranged using (1) colour analysis of each plant and (2) design of the plant species into two colour schemes: light-dark colour concept and a complementary colour concept. For each species used in the compositions we created a biodiversity classification, based on its pollination value, “nativeness” and conservation value as a cultivar; and a plant visual quality classification, based on the performance from living walls studies. The graphical colour composition and interlinked biodiversity value were then compared to designs created with randomly selected plant species. The results showed that it is possible to design a living wall based on colour theory without compromising with biodiversity outcomes, namely species richness, pollination and the nativeness of the species. The results also indicate the potential application of this design approach to deliver greater aesthetic appreciation and enjoyment from plantings. While more work is needed, this study has shown that a theoretical colour framework can be a useful tool in designing green infrastructure to improve delivery of both cultural and regulatory ecosystem services.

Seasonal variation in preference for green roof vegetation

“…A colour composition with these qualities might lead to perceived pleasurable experiences, relaxation and positive expectations for butterflies, bumblebees, bees, and other insects. Earlier studies have shown the importance of a well-balanced understanding of colour theory and awareness of related human experiences to reach positive visual aesthetic outcome and restorative effects (Neale et al, 2021;Thorpert et al, 2022). This indicates that the link between human visual perception, aesthetic and restorative qualities, and colour characteristics should not be neglected in design issues and planning programmes.…”

Vertical plants: Plant design of Living walls – evaluation of 34 perennials in a textile based Living wall over a three years experiment

“…Biodiversity can certainly be promoted using animal-aided design, water supply, and the right plant choice. Thorpert et al (2022) pointed out that choosing plants for living walls with the color theory is possible and that the plants could promote biodiversity simultaneously. Moreover, the creation of LWs, which provides a great temperature-lowering effect, is an appropriate consideration in the context of climate change and heat stress in urban areas.…”

Zielone Ściany W Środowiskach Miejskich: Katalizatory Innowacji I Zdolności Adaptacyjnych Miast

“…Bujna zieleń i kolorowe nasadzenia stanowią wyraźny kontrast, wobec betonowych i szklanych struktur, tworząc harmonijne i estetyczne krajobrazy miejskie. Ta wizualna różnorodność, przyczynia się do poprawy ogólnej atrakcyjności miejskich obszarów [40].…”

“…Dynamiczny charakter zielonych ścian, związany z różnorodnością gatunków roślin i sezonowymi zmianami w liściach i kwitnieniu [40], dodaje kolejny walor estetyczny. To ciągłe przemienianie się krajobrazu przez cały rok, czyni miejskie przestrzenie bardziej intrygującymi i atrakcyjnymi.…”