Exploring the influence of service dogs on participation in daily occupations by veterans with PTSD: A pilot study

Abstract

Introduction Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) resulting from military service can seriously impact quality of life. There is support for the use of service dogs amongst people with PTSD in managing symptoms by reducing anxiety and depression. To date, few studies have investigated this phenomenon comprehensively, particularly in relation to enhancing participation in daily occupations. Methods We explored the experience of a group of ex‐serving members of the Australian military with PTSD, who had partnered with a service dog. We sought to understand the influence of the service dog on PTSD symptom management and participation in meaningful daily occupations. Seven participants who had been paired with a service dog were recruited from a Veterans’ support organisation. Two semi‐structured focus group sessions were conducted, audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts from the focus group sessions and researcher field notes were analysed independently by two researchers using an inductive approach to generate codes and themes. Results The themes that emerged from the data were: isolation, safety, lifeline, reconnection and challenges. Veterans in this study reported that partnering with a service dog helped them to feel safe, helped them to manage the symptoms and impact of PTSD, resulting in improved sleep quality, emotional regulation, reduced anxiety, enhanced anger management, and a reduction in the misuse of alcohol and prescription medication and suicidal ideation. These changes led to improved relationships and increased participation in meaningful daily occupations. Ongoing financial support for veterans who have partnered with a service dog needs to be more closely examined. Conclusion These findings are important and highlight that a larger and more comprehensive, research project examining the impact of service dogs on the quality of life.

Occupational therapy for military personnel and military veterans experiencing post‐traumatic stress disorder: A scoping review

“…Eight research papers detail the efficacy of interventions (Bracciano et al., 2012; Classen, Cormack, et al, 2014; Classen, Monahan, Canonizado, & Winter, 2014; Krpalek, Achondo, Daher, & Javaherian, 2020; McLaughlin & Hamilton, 2019; Rogers, Mallinson, & Peppers, 2014; Speicher, Walter, & Chard, 2014; Wortman et al., 2018) and two report on occupational performance issues related to military veterans (Dutra, Eakman, & Schelly, 2016; Gregg, Kitzman, & Shordike, 2016). One research paper reported intervention efficacy for military personnel (Beck et al., 2012).…”

“…In two animal‐assisted therapy (AAT) studies, investigators reported improvements in human physical, social, emotional, and cognitive functioning for military veterans (McLaughlin & Hamilton, 2019; Wortman et al., 2018). Wortman et al.…”

“…From outcome testing, the authors concluded that the programme led to a reduction in PTSD‐like symptoms. McLaughlin and Hamilton (2019) conducted a pilot study on Australian military veterans with PTSD who were partnered with a trained service dog. Two focus group sessions found veterans with service dogs reported improved sleep and emotional regulation, better managed anger and anxiety, and reduced misuse of prescription medication, alcohol and suicidal ideation.…”

“…For military veterans, there is an increasing evidence base for occupational therapy and interventions. Authors Classen, Cormack, et al (2014), Classen, Monahan, et al (2014), Krpalek et al., (2020), McLaughlin and Hamilton, (2019), Rogers et al., (2014), Speicher et al., (2014), and Wortman et al., (2018) presented empirical outcome data examining the efficacy of occupation‐based therapy. However, just one research group reviewed (Krpalek et al., 2020) conducted a two‐group randomised design study.…”

“…In two animal-assisted therapy (AAT) studies, investigators reported improvements in human physical, social, emotional, and cognitive functioning for military veterans (McLaughlin & Hamilton, 2019;Wortman et al, 2018). Wortman et al (2018) reported findings from a single veteran who completed a pinniped (grey and harbour seals) humananimal interaction programme: The Project Seal to Heal.…”