“…Previous literature such as Raza et al (2020), Lodhi (2020), Wu and Chang (2013), Chen and Hitt (2002), and Kheng (2010) demonstrated that efficiency has a significant & positive impact on e-customer satisfaction. Similarly, Yaseen and Kamran (2019), Yen and Lu (2008), Garzaro et al (2020), Amin (2016), Singh and Kaur (2013), and Sakhaei et al (2014) exhibited that security & privacy has a significant and affirmative association with e-customer satisfaction. Previous studies also demonstrated an affirmative and significant association between fulfillment and e-customer satisfaction (Kumar & Mokha, 2021;Singh, 2019;Mahadin et al, 2020;Hammoud et al, 2018;Rajaobelina et al, 2019;Sheng & Leu, 2010;Ali & Raza, 2017;Ahmed et al, 2019;Chen, 2013).…”