Exploring the Impact of the Biofloc Rearing System and an Oral WSSV Challenge on the Intestinal Bacteriome of Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

We provide a global overview of the intestinal bacteriome of Litopenaeus vannamei in two rearing systems and after an oral challenge by the White spot syndrome virus (WSSV). By using a high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology, we identified and compared the composition and abundance of bacterial communities from the midgut of shrimp reared in the super-intensive biofloc technology (BFT) and clear seawater system (CWS). The predominant bacterial group belonged to the phylum Proteobacteria, followed by the phyla Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. Within Proteobacteria, the family Vibrionaceae, which includes opportunistic shrimp pathogens, was more abundant in CWS than in BFT-reared shrimp. Whereas the families Rhodobacteraceae and Enterobacteriaceae accounted for almost 20% of the bacterial communities of shrimp cultured in BFT, they corresponded to less than 3% in CWS-reared animals. Interestingly, the WSSV challenge dramatically changed the bacterial communities in terms of composition and abundance in comparison to its related unchallenged group. Proteobacteria remained the dominant phylum. Vibrionaceae was the most affected in BFT-reared shrimp (from 11.35 to 20.80%). By contrast, in CWS-reared animals the abundance of this family decreased from 68.23 to 23.38%. Our results provide new evidence on the influence of both abiotic and biotic factors on the gut bacteriome of aquatic species of commercial interest.

Massive Gene Expansion and Sequence Diversification Is Associated with Diverse Tissue Distribution, Regulation and Antimicrobial Properties of Anti-Lipopolysaccharide Factors in Shrimp

“…The transcriptional response of Litvan ALFs was quantified by RT-qPCR in shrimp hemocytes 48 h after infections. This time point was chosen on the basis of previous studies from our group [ 13 , 14 , 15 ]. Anionic ALFs from Groups A, D and E did not respond to pathogens nor to injury ( Figure 3 C).…”

“…Therefore, it is possible that those ALF variants have evolved novel functions associated with the control of the intestinal microbiota. The shrimp intestinal microbiota is a complex and dynamic community that is directly influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors [ 13 ], but probably it is also by the constitutive expression of immune-related genes. In fact, RNAi experiments revealed that ALFs from Groups B [ 18 ] and C [ 25 ] play an essential role in the control of the bacterial communities residing in the hemolymph.…”

Variation in bacterial communities among stress‐sensitive and stress‐tolerant black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ) individuals

“…In the intestinal microbiota of shrimp, Vibrio is an important part of the bacterial composition, suggesting that this genus plays a beneficial but unknown role (Mongkol et al, 2018; Rungrassamee et al, 2014). A higher abundance of Rhodobacteraceae may be associated with a lower abundance of Vibrio , which is disadvantageous (Pilotto et al, 2018). The family Rhodobacteraceae includes a number of pathogens, which may be associated with mortality in shrimp (Lang & Beatty, 2007).…”

Microbial Community Response to Carbon-Nitrogen Ratio Manipulation in Biofloc Culture

“…At present, the BFT remains novel in the Philippines, and the identification of responsible microbial communities can be facilitated by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Preliminary studies reported Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in Litopenaeus stylirostris (Cardona et al 2016) and Litopenaeus vannamei biofloc system (Manan et al 2016;Pilotto et al 2018). Cienfuegos et al (2018) identified a total of 20 phyla from Oreochromis niloticus cultured in BFT, of which the most abundant phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Fusobacteria.…”