“…In addition, maternally inherited diabetes with deafness (MIDD) is caused by mitochondrial mutations, and rare forms resulted from insulin gene mutations [19,20]. In this review paper, only T2DM and T1DM will be discussed, because T2DM and T1DM are the main types of diabetes mellitus, accounting for 90%–95% and 5%–10%, respectively [4,21,22]. In addition, T2DM can induce various complications, which contributes to high morbidity and mortality, such as diabetic cardiovascular diseases, nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy, and erectile dysfunctions [23,24].…”