“…Topics like cultural adaptability (Recabarren and Nussbaum, 2010), date entry field formatting (Bargas-Avila et al, 2011a;Christian et al, 2007;Couper et al, 2004), error message timing (Bargas-Avila et al, 2007), field format restrictions (Bargas-Avila et al, 2011c), label alignment (Das et al, 2008), multiple option selection ( Bargas-Avila et al, 2011b), mandatory field highlighting (Pauwels et al, 2009;Tullis and Pons, 1997), question types (Reja et al, 2003) and response option formats (Healey, 2007;Heerwegh and Loosveldt, 2002) have been subject to empirical evaluation. While there is an increasing number of empirical studies in this field, the topic of where an error message is best placed within a web form was rarely explored.…”