Exploring the evolution of diversity in pathogen populations

Gupta, Sunetra; Maiden, Martin C. J.

doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(01)01986-2

Cited by 106 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Therefore, the basic requirement for sustainability of the oscillatory dynamics is that distant niches are available in strain-space for simultaneous occupation by the pathogen. It seems plausible that realistic spaces of possible antigenic types would satisfy this simple requirement and this is supported by more detailed models for antigen-space (Gupta et al 1996(Gupta et al , 1998Gupta & Maiden 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mathematical epidemiological models for the dynamics and control of such infectious diseases have been extensively investigated (Anderson & May 1991). More usually multiple antigenic types exist, in which infection evokes an immune response against the infecting variant that may provide differing degrees of crossimmunity against other variants (Gupta et al 1996(Gupta et al , 1998Andreasen et al 1997;Thompson 2000;Cooper 2001;Grenfell & Gog 2001;Gupta & Maiden 2001) (e.g. influenza A and respiratory syncytial viruses, meningococcus and pneumococcus bacteria and malaria parasites) and as a consequence repeated infection arises.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…influenza A and respiratory syncytial viruses, meningococcus and pneumococcus bacteria and malaria parasites) and as a consequence repeated infection arises. Pathogen population dynamics and genetics are driven by competition for the susceptible host resource; transmissibility and immune recognition are the two main phenotypic characteristics of pathogens that determine this competition (May & Anderson 1983;Anderson and May 1991;Gupta et al 1994bGupta et al , 1996Gupta et al , 1998Andreasen et al 1997;Castillo-Chavez et al 1998;Thompson 2000;Cooper 2001;Grenfell & Gog 2001;Gupta & Maiden 2001). Here we consider transmissibility as a stress parameter (Manneville 1990), which initially we assume is insensitive to antigenic variability, and explore the role of evoked cross-immunity profiles in structuring the pathogen population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the determinants of population structure in antigenically diverse pathogens

Gomes

Medley

Nokes

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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Many pathogens exhibit antigenic diversity and elicit strain-specific immune responses. This potential for cross-immunity structure in the host resource motivates the development of mathematical models, stressing competition for susceptible hosts in driving pathogen population dynamics and genetics. Here we establish that certain model formulations exhibit characteristics of prototype pattern-forming systems, with pathogen population structure emerging as three possible patterns: (i) incidence is steady and homogeneous; (ii) incidence is steady but heterogeneous; and (iii) incidence shows oscillatory dynamics, with travelling waves in strain-space. Results are robust to strain number, but sensitive to the mechanism of cumulative immunity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the determinants of population structure in antigenically diverse pathogens

Gomes

Medley

Nokes

2002

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B

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“…One factor that can enhance the degree of LD is whether some allele combinations become temporarily widespread in the population although recombination is occurring in the long term, i.e. an 'epidemic population structure' (Maynard Smith et al, 1993) or 'clonal dominance' (Gupta & Maiden, 2001). To test whether this contributed to the clonality in B. afzelii, we reduced the data set to include each unique haplotype only once (as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Factors Affecting the Strength Of Ldmentioning

confidence: 99%

The genetic structure of Borrelia afzelii varies with geographic but not ecological sampling scale

Hellgren

Andersson

Råberg

2010

Journal of Evolutionary Biology

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The genetic structure of a pathogen is an important determinant of its potential rate of adaptation and can thereby influence the dynamics of host–parasite interactions. We investigated how the genetic structure of Borrelia afzelii varies with geographic and ecological sampling scale. Genetic structure was measured as the degree of linkage disequilibrium (LD) across three loci. To test for the effects of geographic and ecological scale, we calculated LD across or within populations 4–82 km apart and across or within different mammal host species. There was highly significant LD across populations and host species. However, there was also evidence for genome‐wide recombination, and the LD largely resulted from epidemic spread of certain haplotypes, rather than lack of recombination. Interestingly, the degree of LD was higher in each population than in the sample as a whole, i.e. LD increased with decreasing geographic scale. In contrast, there was no effect of ecological sampling scale on LD. Strong LD may impede the rate of adaptive evolution. Our results suggest this effect might be particularly strong at a small geographic scale.

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“…Historically, the approaches used for studying bacterial population genetics have been derived from eukaryotic models. They were based on distinguishing alleles and quantifying their presence in populations, as well as their degree of linkage, to infer mutation rates and recombination (see for example 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining microbial population genomics through phage predation

et al. 2009

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The remarkable diversity of genes within the pool of prokaryotic genomes belonging to the same species or pan-genome is difficult to reconcile with the widely accepted paradigm which asserts that periodic selection within bacterial populations would regularly purge genomic diversity by clonal replacement. Recent evidence from metagenomics indicates that even within a single sample a large diversity of genomes can be present for a single species. We have found that much of the differential gene content affects regions that are potential phage recognition targets. We therefore

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Exploring the evolution of diversity in pathogen populations

Cited by 106 publications

References 31 publications

On the determinants of population structure in antigenically diverse pathogens

On the determinants of population structure in antigenically diverse pathogens

The genetic structure of Borrelia afzelii varies with geographic but not ecological sampling scale

Explaining microbial population genomics through phage predation

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