Exploring the effectiveness of demand management policy in reducing traffic congestion and environmental pollution: Car-free day and odd-even plate measures for Bandung city in Indonesia

Abstract

Traffic congestion has been a major problem in big cities around the world, not to mention several large cities in Indonesia. Bandung is the second largest metropolitan area after Jakarta in Indonesia which suffers from extreme levels of congestion. With a high number of motorcycles and large private car population, congestion in this city is ever growing worsening the environment. While the local authorities struggle to find resources to fund capital intensive capacity expansion projects, this research explores the use of cost effective demand management policy measures to reduce the congestion and pollution. This study aims at assessing two relatively under-researched demand management policy measures that restrict vehicle flows viz., car-free day and odd-even plate schemes to investigate the effect on traffic congestion and the environment. SATURN traffic network modelling software has been used to predict the route choices of vehicles. Bandung city road network and origin destination matrix have been adapted to simulate the two measures during the peak hour. As well as providing the necessary inputs to a pollutant emission estimation model, traffic network modelling output forms the basis for assessing the congestion levels. Results show that both car-free day and odd-even plate measures have unintended consequences that undermine their effectiveness which if addressed could make them highly beneficial solutions. Car-free day scheme reduces the traffic flow levels in the vicinity of scheme but diverts the vehicle flow elsewhere to other routes which may adversely affect the congestion/pollution. Odd-even plate scheme is very effective at the beginning of its implementation but the performance gradually diminishes as drivers start to adapt by buying a second vehicle or even using fake number plates.

Improving the Accessibility of the West Java Southern Area through Collector Road Widening

“…This study employs the 4-step network modeling approach as explained in [9] to analyze road network performance in the southern area of West Java, without and with road widening. Inputs that are required are i) the road network data and ii) the origin-destination matrix (O-D matrix).…”

“…Previous studies have carried out analyses related to mobility to make an area or cities more accessible. For instance, [9] carried out a study on traffic management policy, namely odd-even plate number and car-free day policy. The study identified the impact of the policies on road network volume capacity ratio, which influences traffic speed, and hence accessibility.…”

Independent Retailer Restocking Choices in Urban Goods Movement and Interaction Effects with Traditional Markets

“…In Indonesia, traditional markets play a key role in supply chains, with trade accounting for more than 80% of the total trade volume (Dyck et al 2012). In Fig.…”

The estimation of carbon emission on the result of road transportation reallocation

“…This study set the effectiveness rate between 0 to 40 percent, showing the same result from the previous solution; the higher successful implementation rate will result in the lowest carbon emission. However, this is inversely proportional to another study that mentioned that an odd-even policy is applicable for the short term period only [30] because it motivates the drivers to look for alternative routes to avoid its implementation. In addition, it is also shifting the habit of driving at certain hours.…”