Exploring the Effect of Operational Factors and Characterization Imperative to the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract

The synthesis and application of silver nanoparticles are increasingly becoming attractive. Hence, a critical examination of the various factors needed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles as well as the characterization is imperative. In light of this, we addressed in this chapter, the nitty-gritty on the operational parameters (factors) and characterization relevant to synthesis of silver nanoparticle. The following characterization protocols were discussed in the context of silver nanoparticle synthesis. These protocols include spectroscopic techniques such as ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Effect of operational parameters, characterization and antibacterial studies of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Tithonia diversifolia

“…Figure 3A revealed that the maximum absorption was observed at 430 nm which was due to the AgNPs SPR band. The SPR is as a result of the free electron arising from the conduction and valence bands lying close to each other in metal nanoparticles ( Anandalakshmi, Venugobal & Ramasamy, 2016 ; Dada et al, 2018 ). This SPR peak gives a convenient spectroscopic signature for the formation of AgNP and a clue on the spherical shape of AgNP.…”

“…Absorption of energy in the form of ultraviolet or visible light is by molecules containing π-electrons or non-bonding electrons ( n -electrons) to excite these electrons to higher anti-bonding molecular orbitals. The length of wave depends on the excitation of the electrons, the more easily excited the electrons, the longer the wavelength of light it can absorb ( Dada et al, 2018 ). Oscillation of electron at the surface of AgNPs brought about the SPR resulting from the change of color from green to yellow and finally brown.…”

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using terrestrial fern (Gleichenia Pectinata (Willd.) C. Presl.): characterization and antimicrobial studies

“…The form products formed are stable, well dispersed with limited aggregation and afford better size control with no sludge generation. Recently, various plant parts such as leaves, stem bark, roots as well as their extracts are now being used to synthesize nanoparticles because they are greener and can also serve as stabilizing and reducing agents for the synthesis (Dada et al., 2018a,b; Song and Kim, 2009).…”

Peer Review #1 of "Effect of operational parameters, characterization and antibacterial studies of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Tithonia diversifolia (v0.1)"

“…3(a) revealed that the maximum absorption was observed at 430 nm which was due to the AgNPs surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band. The surface plasmon resonance is as a result of the free electron arising from the conduction and valence bands lying close to each other in metal nanoparticles (Anandalakshmi et al, 2016;Dada et al, 2018). This SPR peak gives a convenient spectroscopic signature for the formation of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) and a clue on the spherical shape of silver nanoparticle.…”

“…Absorption of energy in the form of ultraviolet or visible light is by molecules containing πelectrons or non-bonding electrons (n-electrons) to excite these electrons to higher anti-bonding molecular orbitals. The length of wave depends on the excitation of the electrons, the more easily excited the electrons, the longer the wavelength of light it can absorb (Dada et al, 2018).…”