Exploring the effect of napping on sleep quality and duration in collegiate athletes

Trbovich, Alicia; Vandermark, Lesley W.; McDermott, Brendon P.; Henry, Luke C.; Anderson, Morgan; Elbin, R.J.

doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1803881

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The poor sleep characteristics identified through questionnaires in this study align with previous research findings. For instance, the 49% exhibiting poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) is comparable to the 42–55% observed in mixed‐sport, mixed‐gender samples of American student‐athletes during the competitive season 5–8 . Although there have been suggestions that the PSQI may overestimate sleep problems in athletes, 25 the widespread use in research enables comparisons across populations and indicates that poor sleep quality in student‐athletes exceeds many other non‐clinical groups 26 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For instance, the 49% exhibiting poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) is comparable to the 42-55% observed in mixed-sport, mixed-gender samples of American studentathletes during the competitive season. [5][6][7][8] Although there have been suggestions that the PSQI may overestimate sleep problems in athletes, 25 the widespread use in research enables comparisons across populations and indicates that poor sleep quality in student-athletes exceeds many other non-clinical groups. 26 The prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS ≥10, 23%) substantially differs from the 51% observed by Mah et al (2018) despite comparable PSQI scores.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, athletes encounter sport‐specific risk factors related to training, travel, and competition that can disrupt sleep, 4 while emotional and academic stress contribute towards poor sleep among University students 2 . Studies on student‐athletes have consistently shown a significant proportion to report a nocturnal sleep duration of under 7 h, 5,6 with 61% falling below this threshold when assessed using actigraphy 7 . Approximately half of American student‐athletes are classified as poor‐quality sleepers when assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, 5,8 and a high prevalence of excessive daytime sleepiness and poor sleep hygiene behaviors in response to environmental barriers has been observed 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early morning sport scheduling is associated with poorer subjective sleep characteristics in British student‐athletes

Wilson,

Jones,

Draper

et al. 2024

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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This study presents the sleep characteristics of British student‐athletes and examines the relationships between sport scheduling and time demands on sleep outcomes. Student‐athletes (n = 157, 51% male) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Sleep Hygiene Index (SHI). Self‐reported sleep characteristics on weekdays and weekends, weekly frequencies of early morning and late evening sport sessions, and academic‐related and sport‐related time demands were also collected. Questionnaires revealed a high prevalence of undesired sleep characteristics including poor sleep quality (global PSQI >5 in 49.0%) and low sleep durations on weekdays (25% reporting <7 h). Paired t‐tests revealed significant differences in bedtime, waketime, sleep duration, and sleep onset latency between weekdays and weekends (all p < 0.01). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that early morning sport frequency was a significant predictor of PSQI (β = 0.30) and SHI (β = 0.24) global scores, weekday waketimes (β = −0.17), and weekday sleep durations (β = −0.25; all p < 0.05) in models adjusted for participant characteristics. Late evening sport frequency, and academic‐related and sport‐related time demands, were not significant predictors of any sleep outcome. Adjusting sport scheduling to avoid early start times could provide a means to improve sleep outcomes and may improve sporting performance and academic attainment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Early morning sport scheduling is associated with poorer subjective sleep characteristics in British student‐athletes

Wilson,

Jones,

Draper

et al. 2024

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…31,32 There is a wide range in napping frequency reported across studies, with 17–72% of athletes habitually napping. 5,33,34 Previous unpublished data has indicated 80% of Canadian National Team athletes ( n = 199) were napping less than twice a week. Taken together, these studies highlight an inconsistent use of napping as a strategy to increase sleep.…”

Section: Strategies To Improve Sleep In Athletesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A practical guide to improve sleep and performance in athletes

Bender,

Lambing

2023

International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching

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Sleep is vital for optimal mental and physical health. For athletes, optimizing sleep is becoming a popular strategy to enhance athletic performance. Athletes often complain of sleep problems including insufficient sleep and insomnia symptoms and are also at a higher risk for sleep disordered breathing. Sleep disorders and insufficient sleep can contribute to excessive sleepiness, daytime dysfunction, and performance problems. In contrast, better sleep provides benefits for physical health and athletic performance. For athletes, multiple factors can contribute to insufficient sleep. Sport-specific factors include frequent travel across time zones, competition and training schedules, high training loads, and sleeping in an unfamiliar environment. Non-sport-related factors include work, social, and family commitments; attitudes and sleeping beliefs; individual characteristics, such as chronotype or preference for morning or evening; and lifestyle choices. Fortunately, there are strategies that can be implemented to improve sleep in athletes including (a) education and emphasis on the importance of sleep; (b) sleep screening; providing extra sleep opportunities like (c) banking sleep and (d) napping; improving sleep hygiene like (e) proper light exposure; (f) a good pre-sleep routine; (g) a conducive sleep environment; (h) a strategy for supplementation; (i) utilizing circadian timing adjustments; and (j) jet lag management. Increased recognition of the importance of sleep from sport professionals and screening for sleep disorders and disturbances will be key for future athlete health, well-being, and performance.

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“…Napping is widely used as countermeasure to prevent sleepiness and poor performance due to sleep loss and circadian pressure. Regarding the physical performance of trained athletes, a myriad of studies supports the beneficial effects of naps on a wide array of sports performances 12 13 . Most of these have examined the relationship between sports performance and short naps of less than 30 minutes, which is generally accepted as a proper nap duration 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Effect of Long Naps on Handball Performance and Heart Rate Variability

Nishida

Yamamoto

Murata

et al. 2021

Sports Med Int Open

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This study explored the effect of long naps on handball-related performance and assessed the role of the cardiac autonomic nervous system in this process. Eleven male collegiate handball players performed a repeated sequential trial consisting of a 20-m consecutive turnaround run, 10-m run with a load, and shooting the ball into a target. Participants were allocated randomly and sequentially to have a short (20 minutes) nap, long (60 minutes) nap, or no nap. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess regular sleep quality. Subjective sleepiness before and after napping was measured using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale. Heart rate variability was recorded to assess cardiac autonomic nervous function during napping. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score was correlated with shot accuracy only after long naps (ρ=0.636, r=0.048). A negative correlation was observed between the root mean square of successive differences and average load run time (ρ=−0.929, p<0.001). Long napping was associated with a significant benefit on performance in athletes with poor sleep quality, implying a role of the autonomic nervous system in this regard. Our findings indicate the effect of sleep quality on the endurance and resistance of handball players.

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Exploring the effect of napping on sleep quality and duration in collegiate athletes

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

Early morning sport scheduling is associated with poorer subjective sleep characteristics in British student‐athletes

Early morning sport scheduling is associated with poorer subjective sleep characteristics in British student‐athletes

A practical guide to improve sleep and performance in athletes

Exploring the Effect of Long Naps on Handball Performance and Heart Rate Variability

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