“…However, healthcare communication can be far more complex (Härgestam et al, 2013;Dayton and Henriksen, 2007) due to different types of channels such as written or verbal and synchronous or asynchronous, different types of communication processes such as open and closed loop (Coiera, 2006) and the need to balance individual and team tasks (Bardach et al, 2017;Dean et al, 2016;Kuziemsky, 2015;Tang et al, 2015;Collins et al, 2011). Implicit and verbal communication remain predominate communication channels (Coiera, 2014;Tang et al, 2015;Lewin and Reeves, 2011) with face-to-face communication estimated as comprising up to 90 percent of all information transactions (Aceti and Luppicini, 2013;Coiera, 2006). of observation were created using a template that included information on the individuals involved in the communication act and the purpose, resources used, and method of communication (e.g.…”