Exploring the effect of engineering parameters on the penetration of hydraulic fractures through bedding planes in different propagation regimes

Zheng, Yongxiang; He, Rui; Huang, Litang; Bai, Yuesong; Wang, Can; Wang, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.compgeo.2022.104736

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Yin et al (2020) investigated the fault reactivation and induced seismicity caused by hydraulic fracturing using the BDEM. Zheng et al (2022) explored the effect of fracturing fluid viscosity and injection rate on the vertical propagation of hydraulic fracture in shale reservoirs with developed bedding planes. Although the BDEM method has been widely used to analyze the mechanical behavior of fracture propagation, there are few studies on simultaneous 3D propagation of multiple fractures taking account of stress interference among fractures, and the effect of bedding planes on the multiple fracture propagation were less studied.…”

Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the above two cases, the width of activated bedding planes is very low (blue color). This is because the normal stress will decrease and the shear stress increase near the intersection line of the bedding plane when the hydraulic fracture approaches the bedding plane, and the shear failure is more easily to occur at bedding plane when the fracturing fluid flows from the hydraulic fracture to the bedding planes (Zheng et al, 2022). That means the bedding planes will be activated and they will tend to move along the shear direction, however it will not be opened to a great level.…”

Section: Bedding Planementioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigating the simultaneous fracture propagation from multiple perforation clusters in horizontal wells using 3D block discrete element method

Yang²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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Multi-cluster horizontal well fracturing is one of the key technologies to develop the unconventional reservoirs such as shales. However, the field data shows that some perforation clusters have little production contribution. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) numerical model for simulating the multiple fracture propagation based on 3D block discrete element method was established, and this model considers the stress interference, perforation friction and fluid-mechanical coupling effect. In order to determine the most appropriate measures to improve the uniformity of multiple fracture propagation, the effect of the geologic and engineering parameters on the multiple fracture propagation in shale reservoirs is investigated. The modeling results show that the geometry of each fracture within a stage is different, and the outer fractures generally receive more fracturing fluid than the interior fractures. The vertical stress almost has no effect on the geometries of multiple fractures. However, higher horizontal stress difference, larger cluster spacing, smaller perforation number, higher injection rate, and smaller fracturing fluid viscosity are conducive to promote the uniform propagation of multiple fractures. The existence of bedding planes will increase the fluid filtration, resulting in a reduction in fracture length. The middle two fractures receive less fluid and the width of them is smaller. Through analyzing the numerical results, a large amount of fracturing fluid should be injected and the proppant with smaller size is suggested to be used to effectively prop the bedding planes. Cluster spacing and perforation number should be controlled in an appropriate range according to reservoir properties. Increasing the injection rate and reducing the viscosity of fracturing fluid are important means to improve the geometry of each fracture.

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Section: Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bedding Planementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the simultaneous fracture propagation from multiple perforation clusters in horizontal wells using 3D block discrete element method

Yang²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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“…Huang et al (2022) analyzed the penetration law in the layered rock mass under different regimes based on the particle distinct element method. Zheng et al (2019) and Zheng et al (2022) analyzed the evolution of normal stress and shear stress on the bedding plane when the hydraulic fracture approached through the block distinct element method, and identified the discontinuous deformation (slip or shear failure) at the fracture tip as the main reason why the hydraulic fracture could not cross the bedding. Wang et al (2019) also showed that the increase of shear stress on the bedding plane and the passivation of fracture tip affect the penetration of hydraulic fractures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the influence of stress on the penetration behavior of hydraulic fracture: Perspective from failure type of beddings

Bai

Liao

et al. 2023

Front. Earth Sci.

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The failure types of bedding determine the penetration behavior of hydraulic fracture. A stratum model containing bedding was established based on the 3D block distinct element method to explore the penetration behavior of hydraulic fractures with different types of bedding. The mechanics of hydraulic fractures penetrating the shear- failure bedding plane and tensile-failure bedding plane were analyzed. The results showed that the shear-failure bedding plane was more difficult to expand than the tensile-failure bedding plane after the hydraulic fracture turns to bedding plane. The initial stress magnitude controls the expansion difficulty of hydraulic fractures, and the high stress magnitude attenuated penetration behavior. The vertical stress affected the shear failure by increasing the shear strength of the bedding plane. It affected the tensile failure by increasing the initiation stress of the bedding plane. The effect of horizontal stress on the penetration behavior included the influence on the initiation stress of vertical joints and the enhancement of the interference stress on the horizontal bedding plane. The conclusions can provide the guidance for hydraulic fracturing in reservoir with bedding planes.

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“…The value of the cement factor is strongly influenced by the pressure and temperature conditions of the reservoir, size of the pore throat, secondary porosity, electrical conductivity of water, lithology, mineralogy, specific surface area, tortuosity factor, packing index, and degree of cementation (Winsauer et al 1952;Wardlaw 1980;Ransom 1984;Salem 1993a;Elias and Steagall 1996;Abedini et al 2011;August et al 2022;Rashid et al 2022;Wan Bakar et al 2022). Therefore, it has become an area of interest to lower the uncertainties associated with cementation factor estimation by demonstrating the impact of different parameters (Winsauer et al 1952;Wyllie and Gregory 1953;Hill and Milburn 1956;Towle 1962;Helander and Campbell 1966;Waxman and Thomas 1972;Jackson et al 1978;Biella 1981;Wong et al 1984;Givens 1987;Brown 1988;Donaldson and Siddiqui 1989;Salem 1993b;Huang et al 2019;Tan et al 2020;Zheng et al 2022). Laboratory measurement through special core analysis (SCAL) represents the most accurate approach to the quantification of cementation factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical rock typing using Gaussian mixture model to determine cementation factor

Najafi-Silab

Soleymanzadeh

Kolah-kaj

et al. 2023

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Many studies have worked on the estimation of fluid saturation as an important petrophysical property in hydrocarbon reservoirs. Based on Archie's law, proper determination of cementation factor (m) can lead to accurate values of water saturation. Given that the m is mainly affected by electrical properties of rock, electrical quality index (EQI) can be used to estimate m through a novel rock typing technique. Despite the efficient applicability of EQI for the classification of rocks, with similar electrical behaviors, into distinct electrical rock types (ERTs), manual implementation of this method is time-consuming and gets excessively more difficult for larger datasets. In this work, a fast automated version of EQI methodology was presented. As a fuzzy clustering algorithm, Gaussian mixture model (GMM) was implemented on a large quantity of carbonate and sandstone samples to cluster them into distinct ERTs based on EQI values. To this end, 100 data points were randomly selected for testing purposes, and the remaining data points were used as training subsets for carbonate and sandstone samples. An innovative hybrid EQI-GMM approach was developed to determine the optimum number of clusters. Furthermore, results of two commonly-used criteria, namely Schwarz's Bayesian Criterion (BIC) and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), showed that they fail to specify ERTs properly. The predicted values for m by the hybrid EQI-GMM approach were more accurate (RMSE is 0.0167 and 0.0056 for carbonate and sandstone samples, respectively) than outputs of the traditional Archie’s law (RMSE is 1.6697 and 0.1850 for carbonate and sandstone samples, respectively).

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Exploring the effect of engineering parameters on the penetration of hydraulic fractures through bedding planes in different propagation regimes

Cited by 39 publications

References 51 publications

Investigating the simultaneous fracture propagation from multiple perforation clusters in horizontal wells using 3D block discrete element method

Investigating the simultaneous fracture propagation from multiple perforation clusters in horizontal wells using 3D block discrete element method

Research on the influence of stress on the penetration behavior of hydraulic fracture: Perspective from failure type of beddings

Electrical rock typing using Gaussian mixture model to determine cementation factor

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