Exploring the Diversity of Sugar Compounds in Healthy, Prediabetic, and Diabetic Volunteers

Mack, Carina; Ferrario, Paola G.; Weinert, Christoph H.; Egert, Björn; Hoefle, Anja S.; Lee, Yu‐Mi; Skurk, Thomas; Kulling, Sabine E.; Daniel, Hannelore

doi:10.1002/mnfr.201901190

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…This impact was revealed as activation of lipophagy by trehalose in the mouse heart. According to recent data [ 69 , 70 ], autophagy activation in various ways can be useful for the prophylaxis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, Type 2 diabetic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity, and heart failure. Trehalose, just as rapamycin, regulates the balance between cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy in heart failure by inhibiting mTOR signaling [ 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trehalose Activates Hepatic and Myocardial Autophagy and Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects in db/db Diabetic Mice

Короленко¹,

Ovsyukova²,

Bgatova

et al. 2022

Life

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Db/db mice (carrying a mutation in the gene encoding leptin receptor) show autophagy suppression. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of autophagy inducer trehalose on liver and heart autophagy in db/db mice and to study inflammation dysregulation and the suitability of chitinases’ expression levels as diabetes markers. Thirty-eight male db/db mice and C57/BL mice (control) were used. The db/db model manifested inflammation symptoms: overexpression of TNF-α in the spleen and underexpression of IL-10 in the liver and spleen (cytokine imbalance). Simultaneously, we revealed decreased expression of chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acid mammalian chitinase (CHIA) in the liver of db/db mice. CHIA expression in db/db mice is significantly lower only in the spleen. Trehalose treatment significantly reduced blood glucose concentration and glycated hemoglobin. Treatment of db/db mice by trehalose was followed by increased autophagy induction in the heart and liver (increased autolysosomes volume density studied by morphometric electron-microscopic method). Trehalose exerted beneficial cardiac effects possibly via increased lipophagy (uptake of lipid droplets). The autophagy activation by trehalose had several positive effects on the heart and liver of db/db mice; therefore, lipophagy activation seems to be a promising therapy for diabetes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trehalose Activates Hepatic and Myocardial Autophagy and Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects in db/db Diabetic Mice

Короленко¹,

Ovsyukova²,

Bgatova

et al. 2022

Life

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“…This highlights the need for a valid biomarker or other convenient way to estimate sucrose intake. To date, no validated biomarker has been described [ 14 ], though promising results are reported for specific metabolic-based sugar markers in urine and plasma [ 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Oral Microbiota Data to Design a Short Sucrose Intake Index

et al. 2021

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Excessive sucrose consumption is associated with numerous health problems, including dental caries, and is considered to play a critical role in shaping the human microbiota. Here, we aimed to confirm the association between sucrose exposure and oral microbiota profile, develop a short food-based index capturing variation among sucrose consumers and validate it against oral microbiota and dental caries in a derivation cohort with 16- to 79-year-old participants (n = 427). Intake and food preferences were recorded by questionnaires and saliva microbiota by 16S rDNA sequencing. Taxonomic similarities clustered participants into five clusters, where one stood out with highest sucrose intake and predicted sugar related metabolic pathways but lowest species diversity in the microbiota. Multivariate modelling of food intake and preferences revealed foods suitable for a sucrose index. This, similarly to sucrose intake, was related to bacterial pattern and caries status. The validity of the sucrose index was replicated in the population-based Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Dental Endpoints (GLIDE, n = 105,520 Swedish adults) cohort. This suggested that the index captured clinically relevant variation in sucrose intake and that FFQ derived information may be suitable for screening of sucrose intake in the clinic and epidemiological studies, although adjustments to local consumption habits are needed.

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“…With the same analytical mass spectrometry platform, postprandial plasma levels in healthy volunteers and those with insulin resistance or type II diabetes were analysed for appearance of sugars and sugar-derivatives when 50g of maltodextrin was ingested as oral glucose tolerance test. Surprisingly, allulose levels increased steadily over a 90 min period, independent of the health status, while glucose levels displayed characteristic profiles with a peak at around 30-60 min (Mack CI et al, 2020).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 92%

Allulose in human diet: the knowns and the unknowns

et al. 2021

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D-Allulose, also referred to as psicose, is a C3-epimer of D-fructose used as a sugar substitute in low calorie products. It can be formed naturally during processing of food and drinks containing sucrose and fructose or is prepared by chemical synthesis or via enzymatic treatment with epimerases from fructose. Estimated intakes via western style diets including sweetened beverages are below 500 mg per day but, when used as a sugar replacement, intake may reach 10 to 30g per day depending on the food consumed. Due to its structural similarity with fructose, allulose uses the same transport and distribution pathways. But in contrast to fructose, the human genome does not encode for enzymes that are able to metabolize allulose leading to an almost complete renal excretion of the absorbed dose and near-to-zero caloric yield. However, in vitro studies have shown that certain bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumonia are able to utilize allulose as a substrate. This finding has been a subject of concern, since Klebsiella pneumoniae represents an opportunistic human pathogen. It therefore raised the question of whether a high dietary intake of allulose may cause an undesirable growth advantage for potentially harmful bacteria at mucosal sites such as the intestine or at systemic sites following invasive infection. In this brief review, we discuss the current state of science on these issues and define the research needs to better understand the fate of allulose and its metabolic and microbiological effects when ingested as a sugar substitute.

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Exploring the Diversity of Sugar Compounds in Healthy, Prediabetic, and Diabetic Volunteers

Cited by 10 publications

References 59 publications

Trehalose Activates Hepatic and Myocardial Autophagy and Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects in db/db Diabetic Mice

Trehalose Activates Hepatic and Myocardial Autophagy and Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects in db/db Diabetic Mice

Using Oral Microbiota Data to Design a Short Sucrose Intake Index

Allulose in human diet: the knowns and the unknowns

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