Exploring the determinants of open defecation in Nigeria using demographic and health survey data

Abubakar, Ismaila Rimi

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.104

Cited by 82 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The owners must have money to build septic tank facilities rather than just canalling the toilet waste straight into Bajak River, just as being practiced by households in Kemiri village, Bojonegoro, which location is circled with Bengawan Solo River [8]. This specific Jomblang fact is not in line with Abubakar's statement that OD is the strongest expression of extreme poverty [19]. Informant who is owner of the house stated that they have been practicing this for years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Defecation Free (ODF) Program As an Urgent Public Service in Semarang City, Central Java

Purnaweni

2018

E3S Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Semarang is the capital city of Central Java, located in the heart of Java island. However, the number of households practising Open Defecation (OD) is still quite high. This fact is astonishing since Semarang is an urban metropolitan area. Therefore, the municipal government of Semarang set a target of abolishing OD in 2018. This article is focused on awareness of the local dwellers in Jomblang Village, Candisari District, on their OD behavior. Data for this study were collected by library research, observation, and in-depth interviews. The result shows that Open Defecation Free (ODF) is part of Community Based Total Sanitation Program, a segment of important public health service must be provided by the government, but not yet well committed. The local people of Jomblang are not fully aware of the importance of ODF. Successful ODF programme needs active participation of the local dwellers in addition to the responsibility of the government as the public service provider, especially in health service, which is one of the most important service it must provide besides education service. and right page margins and justified.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open Defecation Free (ODF) Program As an Urgent Public Service in Semarang City, Central Java

Purnaweni

2018

E3S Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The outbreak response from the RUWASSA was slow despite the presence of high-risk channels of cholera infection such as overflowing/non-functional/collapsed latrines, open defecation,30 overcrowding in IDPs camp31 and stagnant water in which children played; these high-risk channels have been linked with rapid spread of cholera 32–35. Conducting a gap analyses would inform RUWASSA in ways to improve WASH conditions in camps.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The multi-sectorial emergency response to a cholera outbreak in Internally Displaced Persons camps in Borno State, Nigeria, 2017

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionIn August 2017, a cholera outbreak started in Muna Garage Internally Displaced Persons camp, Borno state, Nigeria and >5000 cases occurred in six local government areas. This qualitative study evaluated perspectives about the emergency response to this outbreak.MethodsWe conducted 39 key informant interviews and focus group discussions, and reviewed 21 documents with participants involved with surveillance, water, sanitation, hygiene, case management, oral cholera vaccine (OCV), communications, logistics and coordination. Qualitative data analysis used thematic techniques comprising key words in context, word repetition and key sector terms.ResultsAuthorities were alerted quickly, but outbreak declaration took 12 days due to a 10-day delay waiting for culture confirmation. Outbreak investigation revealed several potential transmission channels, but a leaking latrine around the index cases’ house was not repaired for more than 7 days. Chlorine was initially not accepted by the community due to rumours that it would sterilise women. Key messages were in Hausa, although Kanuri was the primary local language; later this was corrected. Planning would have benefited using exercise drills to identify weaknesses, and inventory sharing to avoid stock outs. The response by the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency was perceived to be slow and an increased risk from a religious festival was not recognised. Case management was provided at treatment centres, but some partners were concerned that their work was not recognised asking, ‘Who gets the glory and the data?’ Nearly one million people received OCV and its distribution benefited from a robust infrastructure for polio vaccination. There was initial anxiety, rumour and reluctance about OCV, attributed by many to lack of formative research prior to vaccine implementation. Coordination was slow initially, but improved with activation of an emergency operations centre (EOC) that enabled implementation of incident management system to coordinate multisectoral activities and meetings held at 16:00 hours daily. The synergy between partners and government improved when each recognised the government’s leadership role.ConclusionDespite a timely alert of the outbreak, delayed laboratory confirmation slowed initial response. Initial responses to the outbreak were not well coordinated but improved with the EOC. Understanding behaviours and community norms through rapid formative research should improve the effectiveness of the emergency response to a cholera outbreak. OCV distribution was efficient and benefited from the polio vaccine infrastructure.

show abstract

“…Further outbreak investigation in the IDP camps showed high-risk channels of cholera infection such as poor sanitation (overflowing non-functional and collapsed latrines, open defecation), overcrowding, and stagnant water in which children played. These high-risk channels, particularly open defecation [14] and overcrowding in the IDPs camp [15] have been linked with rapid spread of cholera [16-19]. RUWASSA was notified of these poor WASH conditions in the camp, but the response was slow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cholera in Internally Displaced Persons Camps in Borno State—Nigeria, 2017: A qualitative study of the multi-sectorial emergency response to stop the spread of the outbreak

Ngwa

Alemu²,

Okudo

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

28 Introduction/Background. In August 2017, a cholera outbreak started in Muna Garage IDPs camp, Borno 29 State-Nigeria, and >5000 cases occurred in six local government areas. This qualitative study evaluated 30 perspectives about the emergency response to this outbreak.31 Methods/Findings. We conducted 39 key informant interviews and focused group discussions, and reviewed 32 21 documents with participants involved with surveillance, water-sanitation-hygiene, case management, oral 33 cholera vaccine, communications, logistics, and coordination. Qualitative data analysis used thematic 34 techniques comprising key-words-in-context, word-repetition, and key-sector-terms.35 Authorities were alerted quickly, but outbreak declaration took 12 days due to a 10 day delay waiting for culture 36 confirmation. Outbreak investigation revealed several potential transmission channels, but a leaking latrine 37 around the index cases' house was not repaired for >7 days.38 Use of chlorine disinfectant was initially not accepted by the community due to rumors that it would sterilize 39 women. This could have been avoided with improved community consultation. Initially, key messages were 40 communicated in Hausa, although 'Kanuri' was the primary language; later this was corrected. Planning would 41 have benefited using exercise drills to identify weaknesses, and inventory sharing to avoid stock outs. 42The response by the Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency was perceived to be slow and an increased risk 43 from Eid El Jabir festival with increased movement and food sharing was not recognized. Case management 44 was provided at treatment centers, but some partners were concerned that their work was recognized asking, 45 "who gets the glory and the data?" 46 OCV was provided to nearly one million people and it distribution benefited from a robust polio vaccine 47 structure; however, logistical problems related to payment of staff needed resolution.48 Initial coordination was thought to be slow, but improved by activating an Emergency Operations Centre. The 49 Borno Ministry of Health used an Incident Management System to coordinate multi-sectoral response activities.3 50 These were informed by daily reviews of epi curves and geo-coordinate maps. The synergy between partners 51 and government improved when each recognized the government's leadership role.

show abstract

Exploring the determinants of open defecation in Nigeria using demographic and health survey data

Cited by 82 publications

References 18 publications

Open Defecation Free (ODF) Program As an Urgent Public Service in Semarang City, Central Java

Open Defecation Free (ODF) Program As an Urgent Public Service in Semarang City, Central Java

The multi-sectorial emergency response to a cholera outbreak in Internally Displaced Persons camps in Borno State, Nigeria, 2017

Cholera in Internally Displaced Persons Camps in Borno State—Nigeria, 2017: A qualitative study of the multi-sectorial emergency response to stop the spread of the outbreak

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About