Exploring the determinants of attendance in the Chinese professional baseball league

The external effect of a migrated star player on domestic sports league: an empirical analysis of three Asian leagues – Japan, Korea and Taiwan[1]

“…7. The world-class leagues are operationally considered by generally adopted perception based on its size, history and global popularity (Lee and Lin, 2007;Chen et al, 2015). One might argue that the quality of leagues needs to be based on the performance of the leagues at the international contest.…”

“…Since its establishment in 1990, nine clubs existed in total, but there were only four clubs remaining in 2014. A restructuring happened during 1996-1997 when a big gambling, game-fixing and corruption scandal happened (Chen et al, 2015) and relevant teams like the Tigers and the Eagles were forced to be dismissed. Table 4 gives an overview of the nine clubs picked as target samples, with each of its time availability.…”

“…Also, the generation of positive effect of MSPs might be the weakest among three leagues due to their shortest history of the league and the serious scandal in the league, which led to significant structural change of the league during the 1996 and 1997 season The external effect of a migrated star player (Chen et al, 2015). Therefore, the CPBL league fans might be more likely to consider the migrated stars' outstanding performances and their achievements in the MLB as an individual honor, but do not associate their emotional pride to associate with the CPBL or its teams directly.…”

“…For example, sports consumers can enjoy the performances of their favorite star players in the world-class leagues at home via TV or social media in real time. Moreover, with dramatic increase of international transactions of stars between leagues (Guevara and Fidler, 2002;Chiba, 2004;Chen et al, 2015;Lewis and Yoon, 2018), global fans can easily enjoy the performances of their domestic star players who migrate to the world-class leagues and compete with world-class players. Particularly, the migrated star players become a more important issue in the professional sport industry where recruiting outstanding star players all over the world has been one of the biggest management tasks of sports teams to enhance their squad every year.…”

“…This highly globalized players' profile in the world-class league can easily catch the attention of the humongous community of international fans and exponentially expand the potential customer set (Guevara and Fidler, 2002;Chen et al, 2015). Thus, this expansion provides a new business opportunity in the global domain for the world-class league as well as enhancing the quality of the league games.…”