Exploring the Connection between Autophagy and Heat-Stress Tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster

Willot, Quentin; Toit, André du; Terblanche, John S.; Loos, Ben

doi:10.1101/2021.12.09.471892

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As TOR is a master regulator of growth, which detects cellular levels of amino acids and is inactivated by low levels of amino acids (Saxton and Sabatini 2017), we assumed that both isoleucine deprivation and rapamycin achieved nicotine resistance through TOR suppression. However, other studies have shown that rapamycin treatment improves heat tolerance of wildtype flies (Willot et al 2023) and can improve the maximum thermal temperature (CTmax) withstood by DGRP flies (Rohde et al 2021). We therefore anticipated that short term isoleucine deprivation would also increase heat tolerance in our flies, but it did not.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transiently restricting individual amino acids protectsD. melanogasteragainst multiple stressors

Fulton,

Johnstone,

Tan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Nutrition and resilience are linked, though it is not yet clear how diet confers stress resistance or the breadth of stressors that it can protect against. We have previously shown that transiently restricting an essential amino acid can extend lifespan and also protect against nicotine exposure in Drosophila melanogaster, raising the possibility that amino acid restriction is geroprotective because of elevated detoxification capacity. Here, we sought to characterise the nature of this dietary mediated protection, and determine whether it was sex, amino acid, and/or nicotine specific. When we compared between sexes, we found that isoleucine deprivation increases female, but not male, nicotine resistance. Surprisingly, we found that this protection afforded to females was not replicated by dietary protein restriction and was instead specific to individual amino acid restriction. Other studies have documented methionine or leucine restriction conferring stress resistance, though we previously found that individually depriving them did not increase nicotine resistance. We therefore wondered whether reducing the severity of restriction of these amino acids could confer nicotine resistance. This was true for methionine restriction, and we found that flies fed a diet containing 25% methionine for 7 days protected against subsequent nicotine poisoning (~30% longer lived than controls with all amino acids). However, when dietary leucine was altered, nicotine resistance changed, but no single diet was protective. To understand whether these beneficial effects of diet were specific to nicotine or were generalisable across stressors, we pre-treated with amino acid restriction diets and exposed them to other types of stress. We did not find any diets that protected against heat stress or infection with the bacterium Enterococcus faecalis. However, we found that some of the diets that protected against nicotine also protected against oxidative and starvation stress, and improved survival following cold shock. Interestingly, we found that a diet lacking isoleucine was the only diet to protect against all these stressors. These data point to isoleucine as a critical determinant of robustness in the face of environmental challenges.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transiently restricting individual amino acids protectsD. melanogasteragainst multiple stressors

Fulton,

Johnstone,

Tan

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Autophagy is a cellular process that involves the degradation and recycling of cellular components, and it has been linked to increased tolerance to a range of abiotic stressors, including heat stress, in various ectothermic organisms. Flies exposed to heat stress exhibit protein aggregation, triggering an autophagy-related response, while rapamycin feeding induces local autophagy in the gut and enhances heat-stress tolerance [34]. sHsps (Small heat shock proteins) belong to the HSPs family, with a molecular weight of 15-40 kDa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RNA-Seq reveals transcriptome changes to heat stress in the breast muscle of adult female chickens

Wu,

Xia,

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Heat stress has caused significant impacts on the poultry industry globally. Tianjin-monkey Chicken (TM) is a local naked neck chicken genetic resource in China, characterized by its heat stress resistance due to a low feather coverage. Results We conducted heat stress stimulation tests on TM and a normal feathered chicken (Jingfen No. 6 Layer, JF), and the breast muscle tissues were collected for transcriptome sequencing. A total of 157 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1435 DEGs were respectively obtained from the comparisons of JFN-vs-JFT and TMN-vs-TMT. GO enrichment analysis found that biological process (BP) terms including phospholipid homeostasis, regulation of aggrephagy, positive regulation of aggrephagy, and negative regulation of lipase activity may be closely related to heat stress resistance in JF chickens. While catabolism-related BP terms were mainly enriched for DEGs of TM, such as catabolic process, protein catabolic process and cellular catabolic process. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the MAPK signaling pathway was enriched both in TM and JF with high connectivity. In addition, some pathways with higher connectivity (Metabolic pathways, FoxO signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway and AMPK signaling pathway) may be closely associated with resistance to heat stress in JF. In Tianjin-monkey Chicken, we also identified several pathways potentially involved in heat stress regulation, including Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis, Autophagy-animal and Regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Protein-Protein Interaction Networks (PPI) for the 24 co-differentially expressed genes revealed four key genes (Klf9, Asb2, Tmem164 and Arrdc2) associated with heat stress both in JF and TM. Conclusions Our findings will enrich the research on heat stress resistance in chicken skeletal muscle, while also providing a theoretical basis for the genetic improvement of heat stress resistance in chickens.

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“…Data accessibility. Datasets supporting this article are publicly available: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4qrfj6qf9 [78].…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring the connection between autophagy and heat-stress tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster

Willot,

du Toit,

de Wet

et al. 2023

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Mechanisms aimed at recovering from heat-induced damages are closely associated with the ability of ectotherms to survive exposure to stressful temperatures. Autophagy, a ubiquitous stress-responsive catabolic process, has recently gained renewed attention as one of these mechanisms. By increasing the turnover of cellular structures as well as the clearance of long-lived protein and protein aggregates, the induction of autophagy has been linked to increased tolerance to a range of abiotic stressors in diverse ectothermic organisms. However, whether a link between autophagy and heat-tolerance exists in insect models remains unclear despite broad ecophysiological implications thereof. Here, we explored the putative association between autophagy and heat-tolerance using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. We hypothesized that (i) heat-stress would cause an increase of autophagy in flies' tissues, and (ii) rapamycin exposure would trigger a detectable autophagic response in adults and increase their heat-tolerance. In line with our hypothesis, we report that flies exposed to heat-stress present signs of protein aggregation and appear to trigger an autophagy-related homoeostatic response as a result. We further show that rapamycin feeding causes the systemic effect associated with target of rapamycin (TOR) inhibition, induces autophagy locally in the fly gut, and increases the heat-stress tolerance of individuals. These results argue in favour of a substantial contribution of autophagy to the heat-stress tolerance mechanisms of insects.

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Exploring the Connection between Autophagy and Heat-Stress Tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster

Cited by 3 publications

References 83 publications

Transiently restricting individual amino acids protectsD. melanogasteragainst multiple stressors

Transiently restricting individual amino acids protectsD. melanogasteragainst multiple stressors

RNA-Seq reveals transcriptome changes to heat stress in the breast muscle of adult female chickens

Exploring the connection between autophagy and heat-stress tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster

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