Exploring the collaboration between formal and informal care from the professional perspective-A thematic synthesis

Hengelaar, Rieke; Hartingsveldt, Margo van; Wittenberg, Yvette; Etten-Jamaludin, Faridi S. van; Kwekkeboom, Rick; Satink, Ton

doi:10.1111/hsc.12503

Cited by 52 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As Borgatti et al [61] stated, networks with overlapping sub-groups are considered more stable, and unexpected events can be relatively easily absorbed. Hengelaar et al [62] suggested that working in collaboration with informal caregivers requires professionals to adopt a different way of functioning. While the focus of the care of vulnerable patient populations is currently often on the patient alone, these results show that specific attention should also be paid to the informal caregiver.…”

Section: Number (%) Of Network Of Each Type In Which the Informal Camentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wittenberg et al [64] states that asking informal caregivers for their opinion on the division of responsibilities could make the roles and responsibilities of both informal caregivers and professionals clearer, and improve the collaboration between these actors. Hengelaar et al [62] stresses that a triad of the older person, the informal caregiver, and a co-ordinating professional is essential. The joint conversation between these three actors is vital to clarify what is important for the older person and what care the informal caregivers and professionals can offer.…”

Section: Number (%) Of Network Of Each Type In Which the Informal Camentioning

confidence: 99%

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Professional Care Networks of Frail Older People: An Explorative Survey Study from the Patient Perspective

et al. 2020

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Key pointsPatient participation is high on the public agenda, but multidisciplinary teams who offer care to frail older people find it hard to incorporate patients views in their way of working. Our study focused on the care network of the older patient, and more specific on the role of the informal caregiver. In many networks, the informal caregiver was not or only moderately connected with professional actors. Elderly care networks can be rather vulnerable because the power (knowledge, contacts) lies entirely with the patient. Our study suggests that it would be relatively easy to develop materials to enable professionals to map the patient care network, which could then be used as the basis of conversations about the organisation of care, Background: Frail older people living in the community require multidisciplinary care. Despite the fact that patient participation is high on the public agenda, studies into multidisciplinary care mainly focus on the viewpoints of professionals. Little is known about frail older patients' experiences with care delivered by multidisciplinary teams and their perception of collaboration between professional and informal caregivers. Objective: To gain more insight into the experiences of frail older patients with integrated multidisciplinary care by mapping the care networks of this patient group and their perception of the interconnection between professional and informal caregivers. Methods: Survey study to facilitate a care network analysis. Due to the vulnerable health status of the respondents, questionnaires were completed during interviews. Analysis was performed using an iterative process, using both visual and metric techniques. Participants: 44 older persons, considered 'frail' by their general practitioner. Setting: Four general practices in The Netherlands. Results: The networks of the participants consisted of an average of 15 actors connected by 54 ties. General practitioners were the most common actors in the networks, and were well connected to medical specialists and in-home care providers. The participants did not always perceive a connection between their general practitioner and their informal caregiver. The network analyses resulted in the identification of three subtypes: simple star (n = 16), complex star (n = 16), and sub-group networks (n = 12). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the elderly often do not experience the integration of multidisciplinary care as such. This is a real opportunity for MTs to improve their care and to make the patients' experiences better in line with what they are aiming: allowing patients to live at home as healthy and independently as possible for as long as possible. We showed that informal caregivers often form communication bridges between patients and professionals. Having a better knowledge of the patient perspective enables the gaps in professional care networks of frail older people to be filled and facilitates the anticipation of crisis situations.

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Section: Number (%) Of Network Of Each Type In Which the Informal Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Number (%) Of Network Of Each Type In Which the Informal Camentioning

confidence: 99%

Professional Care Networks of Frail Older People: An Explorative Survey Study from the Patient Perspective

et al. 2020

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“…In view of an ageing population and cost containment in the public sector, the role of informal care and collaboration between informal and formal care have received increasing attention (Albertini & Pavolini, ; Broese, ; Nicholson, Jackson, & Marley, ). In the Netherlands, the traditional welfare state is supposed to be replaced by a participation society, in which citizens are responsible for their health and well‐being, and where care is provided in community settings, involving informal caregivers and formal care providers who are connected in networks (Hengelaar et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Actions to influence the care network of home‐dwelling elderly people: A qualitative study

Kemper-Koebrugge

Adriaansen

Laurant

et al. 2019

Health Soc Care Community

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Positive impact of care networks of home‐dwelling elderly people may be based on several network mechanisms: navigation to resources, negotiation between participants and contagion of behaviours. Little is known about actions of participants—elderly people, informal caregivers or formal care providers—to activate such mechanisms and generate support. Aim of this study was to identify actions in relation to these network mechanisms. A cross‐sectional qualitative study of 48 interviews with home‐dwelling elderly people, informal caregivers and formal care providers in the eastern parts of the Netherlands was conducted between March and September 2016. A framework analysis on network mechanisms categorised actions. Actions were reviewed by network party and compared between networks to explore relations between actions and networks. Results showed that participants navigated through existing relations to seek support. Actions on negotiation were aimed at ameliorating existing relations. Few examples and no actions on contagion of behaviours were found. Actions seemed driven by incidents and existing relations. Elderly people rarely initiated actions, informal caregivers felt hampered by their position in the network. Consistent patterns of relations between actions and network characteristics did not emerge. We concluded that the full potential of network‐based support of elderly people is probably underused. Particularly promising seem: navigating the neighbourhood for new informal care, using opposite opinions as a catalyst for change and bringing quality of life and dilemma's into dialogue in the network.

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“…Today, older persons are increasingly expected to manage their own health care and life (Hengelaar et al, ). This emphasis on self‐management fits the policy trend in many western European countries to reduce institutionalised secondary care and encourage older persons to live at home for as long as possible in order to contain excessively growing healthcare costs (Broese van Groenou, Jacobs, Zwart‐Olde, & Deeg, ; Dahlberg, Demack, & Bambra, ; Kutzleben, Reuther, Dortmann, & Holle, ; Wittenberg, Kwekkeboom, Staaks, Verhoeff, & Boer, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather, successful self-management depends on a person's collaborative relationships with both informal and formal care providers (Dwarswaard, Bakker, Staa, & Boeije, 2016;van Hooft et al, 2015;Whitehead, Jacob, Towell, Abu-qamar, & Cole-Heath, 2018). A growing stream of literature focuses on triads of care recipient (older person), informal and formal care providers and how the quality of their relationships influences self-management (Adams & Gardiner, 2005;Bovenkamp & Dwarswaard, 2017;Hengelaar et al, 2016;Lindahl, Lidén, & Lindblad, 2011;Wiechula et al, 2016). Selfmanagement is, for example, conceptualised as 'mutual participation between patients and caregivers' and 'the conjunction with family, community and healthcare professionals' (Richard & Shea, 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trust in older persons: A quantitative analysis of alignment in triads of older persons, informal carers and home care nurses

Doekhie

Strating

Buljac-Samardžić

et al. 2019

Health Soc Care Community

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Self‐management by older persons could be influenced by the level of trust found in triads of informal carers, formal care providers and care recipient, the older person. Little research has been done on care providers’ trust in older persons. This study aims to explore the level of trust that informal carers and home care nurses have in older persons, the extent of alignment in triads and the relationship between trust in older persons and self‐management. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey study in the Netherlands, sampling 133 older persons, 64 informal carers and 72 nurses, which resulted in 39 triads. Alignment level was analysed through Intraclass Correlation Coefficient 1 scores and absolute and mean difference scores. Correlation analysis and one‐way analysis of variance measured the relationship between trust and self‐management. The results show that triads contain both alignment and misalignment. Misalignment occurs mostly when informal carers and nurses have little trust in the older person while this person views their own behaviour towards their caregivers positively. Care providers’ trust levels relate significantly to their perception of the person's ability to self‐manage, but not to the person's self‐rated ability. This could be explained by care providers not communicating their intrinsic trust in the older person to them. Trust building could be enhanced by organising discussions of mutual expectations of trust and both formal and informal care providers could benefit from compassionate assessment training, to learn how to openly express their trust in the older person.

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Exploring the collaboration between formal and informal care from the professional perspective-A thematic synthesis

Cited by 52 publications

References 32 publications

Professional Care Networks of Frail Older People: An Explorative Survey Study from the Patient Perspective

Professional Care Networks of Frail Older People: An Explorative Survey Study from the Patient Perspective

Actions to influence the care network of home‐dwelling elderly people: A qualitative study

Trust in older persons: A quantitative analysis of alignment in triads of older persons, informal carers and home care nurses

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