Exploring the borders of European Phragmites within a cosmopolitan genus

Lambertini, Carla; Sorrell, Brian K.; Riis, Tenna; Olesen, Birgit; Brix, Hans

doi:10.1093/aobpla/pls020

Cited by 63 publications

(144 citation statements)

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“…T4c, T4d and T4e are less understood. These LH have been found in southern Europe and North Africa and also pair with R4b (Lambertini et al 2012b;Saltonstall unpublished data). Lambertini et al (2012b) refer to these samples as Haplotypes M3, M4 and M5.…”

Section: Variation Within and Between Haplotypessupporting

confidence: 55%

The naming of Phragmites haplotypes

Saltonstall

2016

Biol Invasions

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The genus Phragmites includes several species, of which only Phragmites australis has a worldwide distribution. It has been several decades since the last formal taxonomic examination of the genus and a number of recent genetic studies have revealed novel diversity and unique lineages within the genus. In my initial work on genetic variation in Phragmites (Saltonstall in Proc Nat Acad Sci 99: [2445][2446][2447][2448][2449] 2002), I came up with a naming scheme for identifying chloroplast DNA haplotypes which combined unique sequences at two loci, designated by numbers, to form haplotypes, designated by letters. Here I describe this naming system in more detail, explain how it has evolved over time as more genetic data has become available, provide a summary of all haplotypes currently available on GenBank, and address some common misunderstandings about how the haplotypes are named.

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Section: Variation Within and Between Haplotypessupporting

confidence: 55%

The naming of Phragmites haplotypes

Saltonstall

2016

Biol Invasions

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“…Furthermore, our result revealed that epigenetic structure showed a positive correlation with genetic structure, and epigenetic (as well as genetic) distance also provided coincident evidence for the identified migration of P. australis (Lambertini, Sorrell et al., 2012; Saltonstall, 2002), but epigenetic distance compared with genetic distance was clearly reduced and possibly more related to individual microhabitats. For example, coefficients of genetic differentiation supported the previous haplotype‐based conclusion that P. mauritianus contributed to the hybridization of the LAND type of P. australis (Lambertini, Sorrell et al., 2012), but the epigenetic evidence in our study cannot (Table 3). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In the Gulf Coast region, there may be very strong gene flow within and/or among lineages (Meyerson, Lambertini, McCormick, & Whigham, 2012), which caused a relatively high level of genetic diversity. The LAND and DELTA groups were established by independent colonization events (Lambertini, Sorrell et al., 2012), and the LAND group possessed a higher level of genetic diversity than the DELTA group which suggested introduced DELTA group lost some genetic diversity during the invasion process but obtained little genetic variation through interbreeding with other local lineages. This assumption is also supported by the little genetic and epigenetic differentiation between the DELTA and MED groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The origin of the LAND type is still debated, and we treat this type as a native group in our study due to the following reasons: (1) LAND type has existed for a longer time than DELTA type as the genetic evidence supports an ancient introduction for LAND type and a recent introduction for DELTA type (Lambertini, Sorrell et al., 2012), (2) LAND type is not invasive in this area with only scattered occurrences, and (3) we just used LAND type as a reference for the introduced DELTA group, which coexisted under the homogeneous environment of the Gulf Coast region. Phragmites mauritianus may be a hybrid of LAND type origin (Lambertini, Sorrell et al., 2012). Individuals from Australia (FEAU) were also analyzed as P. mauritianus from Tropical Africa (TA) as an outgroup.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One, known as Haplotype M (hereafter “INT”), has spread dramatically across much of the North America, especially in the Great Lakes regions (Saltonstall, 2002). The other, represented by Haplotype M1 and I (hereafter “DELTA” and “LAND”), was native to Mediterranean region, sub‐Saharan Africa, and the Middle East and has expanded along the Gulf Coast of the United States and in the northwest of South America (Lambertini, Sorrell, Riis, Olesen, & Brix, 2012; Lambertini, Mendelssohn et al., 2012). The introduced population of P. australis had a higher level of genetic diversity and heritable phenotypic variation in its invasive range than in parts of its native range, as multiple and uncontrolled immigration events may have occurred from different European regions to North American (Lavergne & Molofsky, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic and epigenetic changes during the invasion of a cosmopolitan species (Phragmites australis)

Liu

Cuiping

Liu

et al. 2018

Ecology and Evolution

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While many introduced invasive species can increase genetic diversity through multiple introductions and/or hybridization to colonize successfully in new environments, others with low genetic diversity have to persist by alternative mechanisms such as epigenetic variation. Given that Phragmites australis is a cosmopolitan reed growing in a wide range of habitats and its invasion history, especially in North America, has been relatively well studied, it provides an ideal system for studying the role and relationship of genetic and epigenetic variation in biological invasions. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and methylation‐sensitive (MS) AFLP methods to evaluate genetic and epigenetic diversity and structure in groups of the common reed across its range in the world. Evidence from analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on AFLP and MS‐AFLP data supported the previous conclusion that the invasive introduced populations of P. australis in North America were from European and Mediterranean regions. In the Gulf Coast region, the introduced group harbored a high level of genetic variation relative to originating group from its native location, and it showed epigenetic diversity equal to that of the native group, if not higher, while the introduced group held lower genetic diversity than the native. In the Great Lakes region, the native group displayed very low genetic and epigenetic variation, and the introduced one showed slightly lower genetic and epigenetic diversity than the original one. Unexpectedly, AMOVA and principal component analysis did not demonstrate any epigenetic convergence between native and introduced groups before genetic convergence. Our results suggested that intertwined changes in genetic and epigenetic variation were involved in the invasion success in North America. Although our study did not provide strong evidence proving the importance of epigenetic variation prior to genetic, it implied the similar role of stable epigenetic diversity to genetic diversity in the adaptation of P. australis to local environment.

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Tipping the balance: The role of seed density, abiotic filters, and priority effects in seed‐based wetland restoration

Tarsa

Holdaway

Kettenring

2022

Ecological Applications

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Sowing native seeds is a common approach to reintroduce native plants to degraded systems. However, this method is often overlooked in wetland restoration despite the immense global loss of diverse native wetland vegetation.Developing guiding principles for seed-based wetland restoration is critical to maximize native plant recovery, particularly in previously invaded wetlands. Doing so requires a comprehensive understanding of how restoration manipulations, and their interactions, influence wetland plant community assembly. With a focus on the invader Phragmites australis, we established a series of mesocosm experiments to assess how native sowing density, invader propagule pressure, abiotic filters (water and nutrients), and native sowing timing (i.e., priority effects) interact to influence plant community cover and biomass in wetland habitats. Increasing the density of native seeds yielded higher native cover and biomass, but P. australis suppression with increasing sowing densities was minimal. Rather, community outcomes were largely driven by invader propagule pressure: P. australis densities of ≤500 seeds/m 2 maintained high native cover and biomass. Low-water conditions increased the susceptibility of P. australis to dominance by native competitors. Early sowing of native seeds showed a large and significant benefit to native cover and biomass, regardless of native sowing density, suggesting that priority effects can be an effective restoration manipulation to enhance native plant establishment. Given the urgent wetland restoration need combined with the limited studies on seed-based wetland restoration, these findings provide guidance on restoration manipulations that are grounded in ecological theory to improve seed-based wetland restoration outcomes.

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Exploring the borders of European Phragmites within a cosmopolitan genus

Abstract: European Phragmites australis is one of four main cp-DNA haplotype clusters present worldwide. The European gene pool extends from North America to Far East Asia and South Africa. Extensive gene flow occurs only within the temperate region of Europe.

Cited by 63 publications

References 38 publications

The naming of Phragmites haplotypes

The naming of Phragmites haplotypes

Genetic and epigenetic changes during the invasion of a cosmopolitan species (Phragmites australis)

Tipping the balance: The role of seed density, abiotic filters, and priority effects in seed‐based wetland restoration

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