Exploring the Biomedical Applications of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles Using Perilla frutescens Flavonoid Extract: Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cell Toxicity Properties against Colon Cancer Cells

Abstract

The present study reports the biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a simple, cost effective and eco-friendly method. In this method, the flavonoid extract of Perilla frutescens (PFFE) was used as a bioreduction agent for the reduction of metallic silver into nanosilver, called P. frutescens flavonoid extract silver nanoparticles (PFFE-AgNPs). The Ultraviolet–Visible (UV-Vis) spectrum showed a characteristic absorption peak at 440 nm that confirmed the synthesis of PFFE-AgNPs. A Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) analysis of the PFFE-AgNPs revealed that flavonoids are involved in the bioreduction and capping processes. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns confirmed the face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure of PFFE-AgNPs. A transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis indicated that the synthesized PFFE-AgNPs are 20 to 70 nm in size with spherical morphology and without any aggregation. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies showed that the average hydrodynamic size was 44 nm. A polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.321 denotes the monodispersed nature of PFFE-AgNPs. Further, a highly negative surface charge or zeta potential value (−30 mV) indicates the repulsion, non-aggregation, and stability of PFFE-AgNPs. PFFE-AgNPs showed cytotoxic effects against cancer cell lines, including human colon carcinoma (COLO205) and mouse melanoma (B16F10), with IC50 concentrations of 59.57 and 69.33 μg/mL, respectively. PFFE-AgNPs showed a significant inhibition of both Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogens and Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Salmonella typhi and Acinetobacter baumannii) bacteria pathogens. PFFE-AgNPs exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity by quenching 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) free radicals with IC50 values of 72.81 and 92.48 µg/mL, respectively. In this study, we also explained the plausible mechanisms of the biosynthesis, anticancer, and antibacterial effects of PFFE-AgNPs. Overall, these findings suggest that PFFE-AgNPs have potential as a multi-functional nanomaterial for biomedical applications, particularly in cancer therapy and infection control. However, it is important to note that further research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these nanoparticles in vivo, as well as to explore their potential in other areas of medicine.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Recently Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical and Aquatic Strains and Demonstration of Silver Nanoparticle Potency

“…Other current studies reported the antibacterial efficiency of Ag NPs synthesized using the flavonoid extract of Perilla frutescens, Calvatia gigantea, Mycena leaiana, and Ocimum sanctum. These formulations showed significant inhibition of several pathogens, including Listeria monocytogens, Enterococcus faecalis, A. baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae, and E. coli [21][22][23]. This research underscores the potential utility of Ag NPs in antimicrobial applications, particularly in addressing MDR strains.…”

Anticancer Action of Silver Nanoparticles in SKBR3 Breast Cancer Cells through Promotion of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis

“…In line with our data, Panax ginseng Meyer-mediated AgNPs showed considerable anticancer effects on A549, MCF-7, and HepG2 cancer cells as revealed by heightened level of oxidative stress [ 29 ]. In contrast, some previous reports emphasized the antioxidant properties of AgNPs in which an enhancement of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT is reported [ 30 ]. In essence, the characteristic of nanoparticles might affect their final biological activity within cells [ 31 ].…”

Available and novel plant-based carbon dots derived from Vaccaria Semen carbonisata alleviates liver fibrosis

“…The surface of VCS-CDs contains numerous oxygen-containing functional groups, making it susceptible to releasing hydrogen ions and rendering the solution negatively charged. Comparatively, carbon dots with negative charge exhibit lower toxicity ( Havrdova et al, 2016 ; Yan et al, 2018 ), and the negative potential of nanoparticles contributes to their in vivo dispersibility and stability ( Tang et al, 2023 ) and diminishes aggregation of the particles in the solution ( Hou et al, 2023 ).…”