Exploring the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diabetes among adults in the United States

Stallings-Smith, Sericea; Mease, Anna; Johnson, Tammie M.; Arikawa, Andrea Y.

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.041

Cited by 65 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Particularly, the urinary 2-OHFlu levels were positively associated with diabetes (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.10–2.98), although the significance was lost in the sex-specific analysis. This positive association between 2-OHFlu exposure and diabetes has been reported in previous studies; 11 , 39 while other studies have found no statistically significant associations. 12 , 14 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Besides the four PAH metabolites mentioned in this study, other studies have shown a link between diabetes and other PAHs, which were not analyzed in Korea, such as 1-NAP, 12 , 14 9-OHFlu, 11 , 39 2-OHPhe, 11 , 12 , 14 , 39 4-OHPhe, 39 and 9-OHPhe. 39 The KoNEHS currently examines only the four types of metabolites; therefore, analyzing the different types of PAHs and verifying their mixture effects would be necessary in further studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…Similarly, previous studies using the NHANES data have found elevated ORs (1.42–3.30) in adults with higher 2-NAP exposure. 11 , 12 , 14 Meanwhile, a study from China showed a higher likelihood of diabetes in individuals with higher 2-NAP exposure, but the difference was not statistically significant. 39 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This discrepancy might be partly due to the lower urinary levels of 1-OHP and 1-OHPhe in Korea than in other countries. 11 – 14 , 16 – 18 , 39 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous epidemiologic studies from the USA 11 – 14 and China 15 – 18 have shown a positive association between PAH exposure determined by the urinary PAH levels and diabetes. However, no studies on this issue have been conducted using nationwide data except for the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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<p>Association of Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Diabetes in Korean Adults: Data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 2 (2012–2014)</p>

Nam¹,

Kim²

2020

DMSO

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Purpose To investigate the associations between the urinary levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and diabetes mellitus in Korean adults. Materials and Methods We examined the data of 6478 participants aged ≥19 years from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) cycle 2 (2012–2014). The urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), 2-naphthol (2-NAP), 1-hydroxyphenathrene (1-OHPhe), and 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-OHFlu) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Diabetes mellitus was defined as a self-report of physician-diagnosed diabetes mellitus or the use of oral hypoglycemics or insulin. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, body mass index, household income, alcohol consumption, physical activity, urinary creatinine and cotinine, menopausal status, and quartiles of all other PAHs. Results The prevalence of diabetes was 6.5% in the study population. In men, the geometric means of the 2-NAP and 2-OHFlu levels were higher in participants with diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes mellitus [4.11 vs 3.26 μg/L ( P <0.05) and 0.45 vs 0.40 μg/L ( P <0.05), respectively]. In women, the geometric mean of 2-NAP levels was also higher in participants with diabetes mellitus than in those without diabetes mellitus (1.81 vs 0.56 μg/L, P <0.05), but there were no significant differences in geometric means for other PAHs. A higher odds ratio (OR) of diabetes was found in participants with the highest quartiles of urinary 2-NAP [OR 1.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29–2.60] and 2-OHFlu (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.10–2.98) than in those with the lowest quartiles. Conclusion The urinary 2-NAP and 2-OHFlu levels were associated with diabetes mellitus in Korean adults. Further studies are needed to determine a potential causal relationship between PAH exposure and diabetes mellitus and its underlying mechanism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This discrepancy might be partly due to the lower urinary levels of 1-OHP and 1-OHPhe in Korea than in other countries. 11 – 14 , 16 – 18 , 39 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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<p>Association of Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Diabetes in Korean Adults: Data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 2 (2012–2014)</p>

Nam¹,

Kim²

2020

DMSO

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Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Participants of the NutriNet-Santé Prospective Cohort

et al. 2020

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IMPORTANCE Ultraprocessed foods (UPF) are widespread in Western diets. Their consumption has been associated in recent prospective studies with increased risks of all-cause mortality and chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and dyslipidemia; however, data regarding diabetes are lacking.OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between consumption of UPF and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSIn this population-based prospective cohort study, 104 707 participants aged 18 years or older from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2019) were included. Dietary intake data were collected using repeated 24-hour dietary records (5.7 per participant on average), designed to register participants' usual consumption for more than 3500 different food items. These were categorized according to their degree of processing by the NOVA classification system. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESAssociations between UPF consumption and risk of T2D were assessed using cause-specific multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known risk factors (sociodemographic, anthropometric, lifestyle, medical history, and nutritional factors).RESULTS A total of 104 707 participants (21 800 [20.8%] men and 82 907 [79.2%] women) were included. Mean (SD) baseline age of participants was 42.7 (14.5) years. Absolute T2D rates in the lowest and highest UPF consumers were 113 and 166 per 100 000 person-years, respectively. Consumption of UPF was associated with a higher risk of T2D (multi-adjusted hazard ratio [HR] for an absolute increment of 10 in the percentage of UPF in the diet, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.25; median follow-up, 6.0 years; 582 252 person-years; 821 incident cases). These results remained statistically significant after adjustment for several markers of the nutritional quality of the diet, for other metabolic comorbidities (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03-1.23), and for weight change (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.01-1.27). The absolute amount of UPF consumption (grams per day) was consistently associated with T2D risk, even when adjusting for unprocessed or minimally processed food intake (HR for a 100 g/d increase, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.08). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this large observational prospective study, a higher proportion of UPF in the diet was associated with a higher risk of T2D. Even though these results need to be confirmed in other populations and settings, they provide evidence to support efforts by public health authorities to recommend limiting UPF consumption.TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03335644

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Association of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with periodontitis in NHANES 2009–2014: A mixtures approach

Sun,

Guo,

Wang

et al. 2023

Journal of Periodontology

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BackgroundPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can invade and cause harm to the human body through various pathways, but there is currently little research on the relationship between mixed‐PAHs exposure and periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mixed‐urinary PAHs exposure on periodontitis in adults in the United States.MethodsThe cross‐sectional study included 2749 subjects selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014 cycles. A professional examination of the periodontal status was conducted to distinguish between periodontitis and non‐periodontitis based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) case definition. Laboratory testing of urine samples was performed to obtain the levels of urinary PAHs. Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to determine the degree of correlation between urinary PAHs, while weighted binary logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed to evaluate the relationship between urinary PAHs and periodontitis.ResultsIn a single‐exposure model, 3‐hydroxyfluorene (OH‐3F), 2‐hydroxyfluorene (OH‐2F), 1‐hydroxyphenanthrene (OH‐1Ph), and 2‐hydroxyphenanthrene and 3‐hydroxyphenanthrene (OH‐2,3Ph) were positively associated with periodontitis risk. In the mixed‐exposure model, BKMR analysis demonstrated that mixed exposure to urinary PAHs was positively associated with periodontitis, with OH‐2F being the most critical factor for the overall mixed effects (posterior inclusion probability [PIP] = 0.98). Univariate exposure–response function and univariate effects analysis revealed a positive correlation between urinary OH‐2F levels and periodontitis.ConclusionsThe study reveals a significant positive correlation between exposure to mixed PAHs and periodontitis, with a particular emphasis on the pivotal role of OH‐2F. Mitigating PAHs in the environment may serve as a preventive measure against periodontitis and alleviate its global public health burden.

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Exploring the association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and diabetes among adults in the United States

Cited by 65 publications

References 52 publications

<p>Association of Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Diabetes in Korean Adults: Data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 2 (2012–2014)</p>

<p>Association of Urinary Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Diabetes in Korean Adults: Data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 2 (2012–2014)</p>

Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Among Participants of the NutriNet-Santé Prospective Cohort

Association of environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with periodontitis in NHANES 2009–2014: A mixtures approach

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