2004
DOI: 10.1023/b:jacp.0000019765.29768.1c
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Exploring the Association Between Anxiety and Conduct Problems in a Large Sample of Twins Aged 2–4

Abstract: Anxiety and conduct problems covary, yet studies have not explored the genetic and environmental origins of this association.We analyzed parent-reported anxiety and conduct problems in 6,783 pairs of twins at 2-, 3-, and 4-years of age. As anxiety and conduct problems were fairly stable across the three ages (average 1-year correlation was .53), ratings from all three were combined. The aggregate anxiety and conduct ratings correlated .33 for boys and .30 for girls. Bivariate genetic analyses indicated fairly … Show more

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Cited by 33 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…At any given assessment time, non-shared environmental factors played a more substantial role than that found in previous studies using general measures of DBD symptoms, where their contribution ranged from 14 to 32% (Deater-Deckard 2000; Derks et al 2004;Gregory et al 2004;Hudziak et al 2005;Schmitz et al 1995). In combination with the finding that environmental sources of variance were largely age-specific, this suggests that young children's disregard for rules fluctuates and may be particularly sensitive to situational changes in the family or in the parent-child relationship.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 66%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…At any given assessment time, non-shared environmental factors played a more substantial role than that found in previous studies using general measures of DBD symptoms, where their contribution ranged from 14 to 32% (Deater-Deckard 2000; Derks et al 2004;Gregory et al 2004;Hudziak et al 2005;Schmitz et al 1995). In combination with the finding that environmental sources of variance were largely age-specific, this suggests that young children's disregard for rules fluctuates and may be particularly sensitive to situational changes in the family or in the parent-child relationship.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 66%
“…These crosssectional (Derks et al 2004;Gregory et al 2004;Hudziak et al 2005) and longitudinal studies (Schmitz et al 1995;van Beijsterveldt et al 2003) suggest that genetic and environmental factors influence DBD symptoms in similar proportions from early to middle childhood. Generally, around half of individual differences in DBD symptoms are explained by additive genetic factors (estimates range from A = 38% to 67%), with a smaller contribution of shared environmental factors (i.e., any environmental factors that make family members similar; C = 14% to 37%) and nonshared environmental factors (i.e., environmental factors that make family members different, including measurement error, E = 14% to 32%) (Derks et al 2004;Gregory et al 2004;Hudziak et al 2005;Schmitz et al 1995;van Beijsterveldt et al 2003).…”
mentioning
confidence: 90%
“…This pattern of findings suggests that children characterized by predominant inattentive symptoms, unaccompanied by clinically significant levels of hyperactiveimpulsive symptoms (i.e., the inattentive type), may experience a less severe and less comorbid form of ADHD. The greater prevalence of anxiety disorders found in the ADHD/CT and ADHD/HT groups may also reflect the moderate positive correlation that exists between conduct problems and anxiety (e.g., r≈.35; Gregory et al 2004).…”
Section: External Validation Of the Putative Inattentive-sct Typementioning
confidence: 99%
“…We have also examined a range of ''family factors'' in order to see which variables were likely to be most important, finding that family chaos and maternal depression were associated with both sleep problems and anxiety and may account for some of the association between these difficulties (e.g., Gregory et al, 2005b). An important role for shared environment has also been found when examining the overlap between anxiety and conduct problems in pre-school aged children (Gregory, Eley, & Plomin, 2004). Longitudinal links between anxiety and eating disorders have also been explored in juvenile twin girls (Silberg & Bulik, 2005)-with some evidence for genetic influences on anxiety and eating disorders throughout development-in addition to other patterns of influences (e.g., there was a shared environmental influence on persistent separation anxiety and eating disorders in late adolescence).…”
Section: Comorbiditymentioning
confidence: 99%