“…Consistent with these studies' findings, our results showed that the target pathways were mainly related to metabolic disorders (e.g., atherosclerosis, NAFLD, and insulin resistance), cell injury and death (e.g., apoptosis, TNF signaling [21], interleukin-17 signaling [22], programmed death-1 ligand 1 [PD-L1] expression, and the PD-1 checkpoint pathway [23]), oxidative stress (e.g., forkhead box O transcription factors [FOXO] signaling [24], phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B/Akt [PI3K-AKT] signaling [25], and advanced glycation end product-receptor for advanced glycation end product [AGE-RAGE] signaling [26]), and liver fibrosis (e.g., TNF signaling, [27] The KEGG analysis showed 152 pathway enrichments (Supplementary Table S4); the top 30 pathways by FDR and gene ratio are illustrated in Figure 3. Previous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant effects of Aloe vera on NASH in vivo [12,18], as well as its protective roles against atherosclerosis [19] and type 2 diabetes in humans [20]. Consistent with these studies' findings, our results showed that the target pathways were mainly related to metabolic disorders (e.g., atherosclerosis, NAFLD, and insulin resistance), cell injury and death (e.g., apoptosis, TNF signaling [21], interleukin-17 signaling [22], programmed death-1 ligand 1 [PD-L1] expression, and the PD-1 checkpoint pathway [23]), oxidative stress (e.g., forkhead box O transcription factors [FOXO] signaling [24], phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B/Akt [PI3K-AKT] signaling [25], and advanced glycation end product-receptor for advanced glycation end product [AGE-RAGE] signaling [26]), and liver fibrosis (e.g., TNF signaling, [27] adipocytokine signaling [28], and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 [HIF-1] signaling [29]).…”