Exploring the Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of Jellyfish-Associated Marine Fungi by Cultivation-Dependent Approaches

Abstract

Fungi isolated from marine invertebrates are of considerable importance as new promising sources of unique secondary metabolites with significant biomedical potential. However, the cultivable fungal community harbored in jellyfish was less investigated. In this work, we seek to recover symbiotic fungi from different tissues of jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai. A total of seven morphotypes were isolated, which were assigned into four genera (Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Purpureocillium, and Tilletiopsis) from two phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) by comparing the rDNA-ITS sequences with the reference sequences in GenBank. The most fungi were found in the inner tissues of subumbrella. Two of the cultivation-independent procedures, changing media type and co-cultivation, were employed to maximize the complexity of metabolites. Thus, thirteen EtOAc gum were obtained and fingerprinted by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a photodiode array (PDA) detector. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of these complex mixtures were tested against a panel of bacterial and fungal pathogens. The antimicrobial results showed that all of the 13 EtOAc extracts displayed different levels of antibacterial activity, three of which exhibited strong to significant antibacterial activity to the bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella entrica. Antifungal activity indicated that the EtOAc extracts from pure culture of Aspergillus versicolor and co-culture of A. versicolor and Tilletiopsis sp. in rice media were promising for searching new compounds, with the maximal mycelial growth inhibition of 82.32% ± 0.61% for Rhizoctonia solani and 48.41% ± 11.02% for Botrytis cinerea at 200 μg/ml, respectively. This study is the first report on the antibacterial and antifungal activity of jellyfish-associated fungi and allows the first sight into cultivable fungal community residing in jellyfish. Induced metabolites by cultivation-dependent approaches provides a new reservoir for drug discovery from jellyfish-derived fungi.

ENDOPHYTIC FUNGI COMMUNITY IN Eremanthus erythropappus TREE FROM ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL AREAS OF MINAS GERAIS

“…No isolated endophytic fungus presented antibacterial activity. Previous studies reported that the extract of endophytic fungi belonging to genera identified in our study inhibited E. coli, S. aureus and S. enteritidis (Vieira et al, 2012;Xing et al, 2011;Sorres et al, 2015;Yue et al, 2015;Hu et al, 2015;Kurzatkowski and Gębska-kuczerowska, 2015). However, those endophytic fungi were not isolated from E. erythropappus.…”

DNA metabarcoding unveils multiscale trophic variation in a widespread coastal opportunist

“…This is also the first study showing a high occurrence of Purpureocillium lilacinum (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) in the digestive system of C. crangon . P. lilacinum is a well‐studied fungus, being abundant in terrestrial soils (Cham Thi Mai, Nhi Thi Thuy, Duong Thi Thuy, Hoang Nguyen Duc, & Xo Hoa, ) and detected in the marine environment (Redou, Navarri, Meslet‐Cladiere, Barbier, & Burgaud, ; Yue et al., ). It is a known pathogen of nematodes and therefore of commercial importance as a biological control agent to manage pests of several crops (Castillo Lopez, Zhu‐Salzman, Ek‐Ramos, & Sword, ; Singh, Pandey, & Goswami, ).…”

Production and identification of two antifungal terpenoids from the Posidonia oceanica epiphytic Ascomycota Mariannaea humicola IG100

“…These organisms are also promising sources of enzymes useful in different technological applications [19][20][21]. In this context, halophilic fungi have been applied in the ne and specialty chemical elds, as well as in the production of biodiesel and bioremediation [9,[22][23][24][25][26]. The annual number of new compounds isolated from marine fungi is impressive and the general trend indicates that it is still on the rise [23].…”