Exploring terra incognita of cognitive science: Lateralization of gene expression at the frontal pole of the human brain

Dolina, Irina A.; Efimova, Olga; Kildyushov, Evgeniy M.; Sokolov, Aleksey S.; Khaitovich, Philipp; Nedoluzhko, Artem; Sharko, Fedor; Velichkovsky, Boris M.

doi:10.11621/pir.2017.0316

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…In another line of research, systematic hemispheric differences in molecular mechanisms were discovered even for closely located brain regions, such as the frontopolar Brodmann Areas 10 on the left (BA10L) and on the right (BA10R). Similarly, this research shows that most of the strongly expressed genes -and almost all of the differentially expressed protein-encoding genes --were detected in the right frontopolar cortex (Dolina et al, 2017). A neuropsychological pendant to these data is the well-established knowledge that if the left hemisphere supports basic linguistic functions, the right prefrontal cortex might be important for understanding of metaphorical language, humor, irony and sarcasm (Balonov, Deglin, & Tschernigovskaja, 1985;Krotkova, & velichkovsky, 2008;Shammi, & Stuss, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

In search of the “I”: Neuropsychology of lateralized thinking meets Dynamic Causal Modeling

Velichkovsky¹,

Krotkova²,

Sharaev³

et al. 2017

Psych. Rus.

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Background. Ideas about relationships between "I", egocentric spatial orientation and the sense of bodily "Self " date back to work by classics of philosophy and psychology. Cognitive neuroscience has provided knowledge about brain areas involved in self-referential processing, such as the rostral prefrontal, temporal and parietal cortices, often active as part of the default mode network (DMN).objective and method. Little is known about the contribution of inferior parietal areas to self-referential processing. Therefore, we collected observations of everyday behavior, social communication and problem solving in patients with brain lesions localized either in the left inferior parietal cortex (LIPC group, n = 45) or the right inferior parietal cortex (RIPC group, n = 58).Results. A key characteristic of the LIPC group was an overestimation of task complexity. This led to a prolonged phase of redundant and disruptive contemplations preceding task solution. In the RIPC group, we observed disorders in reflective control and voluntary regulation of behavior. Abilities for experiencing emotions, understanding mental states, and social communication were to a great extent lost. Results are interpreted within a multilevel framework of cognitive-affective organization (velichkovsky, 2002). In particular, we highlight the role of right-hemisphere mechanisms in self-referential cognition, emotional and corporeal awareness. This is consistent with recent data on a profound asymmetry in connectivity of left and right hippocampi within the DMN (Ushakov et al., 2016).

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

In search of the “I”: Neuropsychology of lateralized thinking meets Dynamic Causal Modeling

Velichkovsky¹,

Krotkova²,

Sharaev³

et al. 2017

Psych. Rus.

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“…Besides the phenomenology of everyday problem-solving and neuropsychological testing in patients with unilateral brain lesions, this research includes neuroimaging studies of reading, remembering, and cognitive involvement in motor behavior. Last but not least, a pronounced difference in the gene expression within the left and right parts of the human frontopolar cortex is reported (Dolina et al, 2017). Here again, a strong right-sided predominance in the differential expression of protein-coding genes was established.…”

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confidence: 75%

Cognitive science: The art and its implications

Velichkovsky¹

2017

Psych. Rus.

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Contemporary cognitive science is the latest version of the century-long quest for a better understanding of the human mind and brain. various disciplines have brought together empirical methods and theoretical models from their fields of study to further this effort. This multidisciplinary convergence widely known today by the acronym NBIC(S) 1 is the general context for the present endeavor. Why is a journal with "Psychology" in its title concerned with this development? In fact, those were the founding fathers of psychology, physicist Hermann von Helmholtz and physician Wilhelm Wundt, who demonstrated the conviction that psychology as science can only be one of interdisciplinary kind. In the 20th Century, Jean Piaget gave psychology a central place among the sciences, because, in his view, only psychology studies the conscious mind that makes science and critical thinking possible. But he insisted that he was not a psychologist, explaining that he studied "epistemic" rather than "psychological" issues. In a similar vein, some psychologists would say today that they rather belong to a multidisciplinary cognitive community whereby adjective "cognitive" replaces here what Piaget called "epistemic" half a century ago. This is the case of authors participating with their papers in this special issue of Psychology in Russia. Many of them are not psychologists by training, and they do their professional work in fields as varied as mathematical physics, neuroimaging, molecular biology, and the pragmatics of communication. Nevertheless, their con-1 As in the name of the Complex of NBICS-technologies at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", where the capitalized letters stay for Nanotechnology, Biotechnology, Information technology, Cognitive, and Social sciences.

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“…Moreover, there is evidence indicating an interrelation between the macro-scale organization and the molecular machinery in the respective parts of the human brain. For example, our team recently tested the expression of protein-encoding genes in the front-polar regions of the human frontal cortex [29]. These results also showed the right-sided dominance, but this time -at the level of gene expression.…”

Section: Instead Of Conclusion: Consciousness and Artificial Intelligmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Science and Novel Medical Technologies

Velichkovsky¹,

Ushakov²

2019

Sovrem Tehnol Med

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Cognitive science is one of the fastest growing segments of modern interdisciplinary research into the functions of consciousness and into mechanisms implementing these functions in the brain. One of the impressive results of this research has been the emergence of novel scientific disciplines (cognitive ergonomics and neuroergonomics, neuroeconomics, neuromarketing) and a whole class of technological contributions in medicine and related life sciences. In this country, the relevant studies are conducted within the Interregional Association for Cognitive Studies (IACS) on the basis of the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute". The authors of this article work in the Kurchatov Institute and represent the leadership of the IACS: Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences B.M. Velichkovsky-the founder and first president of this Association (2006-2010) and V.L. Ushakov-the current president of IACS since 2018. The article provides an overview of current neurocognitive research, combining fundamental issues with practical applications. The author describes the studies under way at the National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" aimed at creating new types of humanmachine interfaces, which are intended to replace the traditional graphic interfaces created for users at early stages of cognitive science. These studies concentrate on visual attention and voluntary oculomotor behavior. The methods and results of exploring the macroscale brain mechanisms are presented. Modern methods, such as ultrafast functional magnetic resonance imaging and dynamic causal modeling, allow one to non-invasively reconstruct the picture of cause-effect interactions in the human brain both at rest and at solving various tasks. Using these methods, it became possible, for the first time, to investigate the interaction between different brain mechanisms attributed to different evolutionary levels of its organization, namely, the oldest, old, new and newest cortex. An example of the first is the hippocampus, and that of the newest is the front-polar areas of the frontal lobes. As a result, new data on the asymmetry of the human brain in health and disease were obtained, indicating the importance of the interhemispheric asymmetry and the right hemisphere dominance over the effective (cause-effect) connections during normal functioning of the brain and consciousness at rest. The authors emphasize that the macroscale organization can and should be studied in the context of molecular mechanisms of the respective neural networks in the human brain. The expression of protein-encoding genes in the frontal-polar regions of the cortex is presented. In this study, the right-sided dominance was also found but this time regarding the number of expressed genes associated with the risk of schizophrenia. However, no association with major neurodegenerative diseases was found. Diagnosis of consciousness has always played an important role in medicine. To date, a communicative contact with the patient remains the main test of the consci...

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Exploring terra incognita of cognitive science: Lateralization of gene expression at the frontal pole of the human brain

Cited by 8 publications

References 55 publications

In search of the “I”: Neuropsychology of lateralized thinking meets Dynamic Causal Modeling

In search of the “I”: Neuropsychology of lateralized thinking meets Dynamic Causal Modeling

Cognitive science: The art and its implications

Cognitive Science and Novel Medical Technologies

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