Exploring Systemic Autoimmunity in Thyroid Disease Subjects

Siriwardhane, Thushani; Krishna, Karthik; Ranganathan, Vinodh; Jayaraman, Vasanth; Wang, Tianhao; Bei, Kang; Rajasekaran, John J.; Krishnamurthy, Hari Krishnan

doi:10.1155/2018/6895146

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Anti-TPO antibodies were found in 33 individuals (75%) and anti-TG anti-thyroglobulin antibodies were found in 32 patients (72.72%), according to the research. These percentages were similar to those found in Indian research, which found a high percentage of peroxidase antibodies in thyroid gland patients, as well as the greatest percentage of IgM antibodies in 35 autoimmune thyroid patients [19].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

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Conducting Hormonal, Biochemical and Serological Tests in Autoimmune Thyroid Patients

Albadrani

Altobje

2022

SAJRM

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Background: One of the most frequent autoimmune illnesses affecting the thyroid gland is immunological thyroid disease. Antibodies against the enzyme thyroglobulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors are produced by the immune system. Hashimoto's disease and Graves' disease are the two primary forms of autoimmune diseases. Methods: 91 blood samples were taken, including 71 for thyroid disease patients and 20 for healthy persons as control samples, from both sexes and of various ages. The tests were performed using a variety of methodologies. Results: Some of autoantibodies were found in varying quantities in 44 individuals. While TPO antibodies were found in 75% of 33 individuals, Anti-TG Ab was found in 72.72% of the patients, 15.90% in seven patients, and anti-TSHR Ab and antinuclear antibodies were found in 22.72% of the patients compared to the control samples. Any type of autoantibody, as well as the results of hormonal testing, revealed disease in a variety of individuals at varying rates. Because the patients were on therapy, the highest rate was 59.09% for thyroid-stimulating hormones. Chemical analyses revealed a sugar and fat imbalance with no discernible link. Interleukin 4 was detected in 4 individuals (9.09%), including one patient with autoimmune hypothyroidism (2.27%) and three patients in C3 18 with immunological hyperthyroidism (6.82%). The findings revealed an increase in complement molecule concentration in 40.90% of patients, including 15 patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism (34.09%) and 3 patients with immune thyroid gland C3 hyperactivity (6.71%). The statistical study revealed a P < 0.01 level of significance correlation between the presence of sugar and triglycerides and the complement molecule. Interleukin 4 and antibodies to receptors have a substantial correlation at the P < 0.01TSHR Ab level TSH. Conclusions: The C3 gland patients for thyroid peroxidase had the largest amount of antibodies, lipids, and sugar, according to the study. Interleukin-4 occurred in certain individuals who had antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptors, according to the research.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This supports the theory that infection has a role in the disruption of thyroid gland activities in those who have autoimmune thyroid disease. Thyroid hormones T3, T4, and TSH can be used to distinguish between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, according to studies conducted in India [19,21].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Hormonal, Biochemical and Serological Tests in Autoimmune Thyroid Patients

Albadrani

Altobje

2022

SAJRM

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“…Nisihara R. et al [ 7 ] reported a prevalence of ~ 20% in 70 patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and 84 with GD. Siriwsrdhane et al found a ~ 20% prevalence of ANAs in patients with positive tests for anti-thyroid autoantibodies [ 24 ]. Paul et al found an impressive ~ 80% ANA prevalence in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-nuclear autoantibodies in Graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy

Lanzolla

Puccinelli

Giudetti

et al. 2022

J Endocrinol Invest

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Objective A relationship between thyroid and non-organ-specific autoimmunity could be relevant for Graves’ orbitopathy (GO), which affects connective tissue. We investigated the association between GO and anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs). Methods Retrospective investigation was conducted in 265 patients with Graves’ disease (GD), 158 with and 107 without GO. Primary outcome was: prevalence of ANAs in GO vs no-GO. Secondary outcomes were: (1) relationship between ANAs and GO features; (2) prevalence of ANAs in GD compared with non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism [(78 patients with toxic nodular goiter (TNG)]; (3) distribution of ANA patterns. Results ANAs were detected in 212 (80%) GD patients, but prevalence did not differ between GO (79.7%) and no-GO (80.3%). Higher ANA titers (1:160) were more common in GO (51.5 vs 38.3%), but only nearly significantly (OR 0.5; 95% CI: 0.3–1; P = 0.059). Proptosis was lower in ANA-positive patients (mean difference: − 1.4 mm; 95% CI from − 2.5 to − 0.3; P = 0.011), in whom nearly significantly lower CAS (Mann–Whitney U: 1.5; P = 0.077) and eyelid aperture (mean difference: − 0.9 mm; 95% CI from − 2 to 0; P = 0.062) were observed. Prevalence of ANAs in GD was lower than in TNG (80 vs 91%; OR 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.9; P = 0.028), but nuclear speckled pattern was more frequent (OR 22.9; 95% CI 1.3–381.3; P = 0.028). Conclusions Although ANAs are not more frequent in GO, they seem to exert a protective role on its severity and on development of GD. A switch of T cell population in ANA-positive patients, resulting in a different phenotype, may be responsible. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms.

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“…Despite reasons concerning disease-related cognition and self-perception discussed above, autoimmunity itself may be the cause for impaired HRQoL and behavioral problems in HT in adults. Autoimmunity in HT may not only affect the thyroid gland but also act systemically ( 64 ) and thereby target the brain as summarized by Leyhe and Müssig ( 65 ). It has been shown that TPO-ABs bind to cerebellar astrocytes ( 66 ), a mechanism by which a direct effect of TPO-ABs on the brain is feasible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Effect of Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoimmunity on Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: Results From a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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Background: In adults, a significant impact of thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health is described. However, studies in children and adolescents are sparse, underpowered, and findings are ambiguous. Methods: Data from 759 German children and adolescents affected by thyroid disease [subclinical hypothyroidism: 331; subclinical hyperthyroidism: 276; overt hypothyroidism: 20; overt hyperthyroidism: 28; Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT): 68; thyroid-peroxidase antibody (TPO)-AB positivity without apparent thyroid dysfunction: 61] and 7,293 healthy controls from a nationwide cross-sectional study (“The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents”) were available. Self-assessed HRQoL (KINDL-R) and mental health (SDQ) were compared for each subgroup with healthy controls by analysis of covariance considering questionnaire-specific confounding factors. Thyroid parameters (TSH, fT4, fT3, TPO-AB levels, thyroid volume as well as urinary iodine excretion) were correlated with KINDL-R and SDQ scores employing multiple regression, likewise accounting for confounding factors. Results: The subsample of participants affected by overt hypothyroidism evidenced impaired mental health in comparison to healthy controls, but SDQ scores were within the normal range of normative data. Moreover, in no other subgroup, HRQoL or mental health were affected by thyroid disorders. Also, there was neither a significant relationship between any single biochemical parameter of thyroid function and HRQoL or mental health, nor did the combined thyroid parameters account for a significant proportion of variance in either outcome measure. Importantly, the present study was sufficiently powered to identify even small effects in children and adolescents affected by HT, subclinical hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: In contrast to findings in adults, and especially in HT, there was no significant impairment of HRQoL or mental health in children and adolescents from the general pediatric population affected by thyroid disease. Moreover, mechanisms proposed to explain impaired mental health in thyroid dysfunction in adults do not pertain to children and adolescents in the present study.

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Exploring Systemic Autoimmunity in Thyroid Disease Subjects

Cited by 15 publications

References 22 publications

Conducting Hormonal, Biochemical and Serological Tests in Autoimmune Thyroid Patients

Conducting Hormonal, Biochemical and Serological Tests in Autoimmune Thyroid Patients

Anti-nuclear autoantibodies in Graves’ disease and Graves’ orbitopathy

No Effect of Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoimmunity on Health-Related Quality of Life and Mental Health in Children and Adolescents: Results From a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study

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