Exploring spatial heterogeneity and environmental injustices in exposure to flood hazards using geographically weighted regression

Chakraborty, Liton; Rus, Horatiu A.; Henstra, Daniel; Thistlethwaite, Jason; Minano, Andrea; Scott, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.112982

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…JBA licenses its high‐resolution flood maps and pricing data to be used for “indicative property‐level flood assessment for insurance risk selection, pricing and underwriting; portfolio management and optimisation; and land use planning by governments and disaster risk reduction schemes” (JBA Risk Management, 2019, p. 1). JBA's 2018 Canada Flood Map product contains national coverage maps for all major flood types and is the most widely used flood hazard dataset by the Canadian re/insurance market (L. Chakraborty et al., 2022; Faulkner et al., 2016; Insurance Bureau of Canada, 2019b; Lemmen et al., 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing social vulnerability and identifying spatial hotspots of flood risk to inform socially just flood management policy

et al. 2022

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This study presents the first nationwide spatial assessment of flood risk to identify social vulnerability and flood exposure hotspots that support policies aimed at protecting high-risk populations and geographical regions of Canada. The study used a nationalscale flood hazard dataset (pluvial, fluvial, and coastal) to estimate a 1-in-100-year flood exposure of all residential properties across 5721 census tracts. Residential flood exposure data were spatially integrated with a census-based multidimensional social vulnerability index (SoVI) that included demographic, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic indicators influencing vulnerability. Using Bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (BiLISA) cluster maps, the study identified geographic concentration of flood risk hotspots where high vulnerability coincided with high flood exposure. The results revealed considerable spatial variations in tract-level social vulnerability and flood exposure. Flood risk hotspots belonged to 410 census tracts, 21 census metropolitan areas, and eight provinces comprising about 1.7 million of the total population and 51% of half-a-million residential properties in Canada. Results identify populations and the geographic regions near the core and dense urban areas predominantly occupying those hotspots. Recognizing priority locations is critically important for government interventions and risk mitigation initiatives considering socio-physical aspects of vulnerability to flooding. Findings reinforce a better understanding of geographic flood-disadvantaged neighborhoods across Canada, where interventions are required to target preparedness, response, and recovery resources that foster socially just flood management strategies. K E Y W O R D S100-year flood hazard, environmental justice, flood risk management, residential flood exposure, social vulnerability

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing social vulnerability and identifying spatial hotspots of flood risk to inform socially just flood management policy

et al. 2022

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“…The Council on Environmental Quality proposed the Climate and Economic Justice Screening Tool to identify which communities are identified as disadvantaged based on environmental and socioeconomic indicators. The research on distributive environmental inequality is essential for hazard risk management because it identifies social vulnerability underlying the inequality and thus provides targeting information for risk assessment and mitigation …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distributive environmental justice literature typically addresses the following 3 W’s questions: which vulnerable communities are exposed to environmental hazards disproportionately, where those communities are located, and what are the costs and benefits of risk reduction and management measures. ,, In terms of technological hazards, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in hazard exposure in the USA are well-documented (see Table A-1 in the Supporting Information). Some researchers investigated whether exposure to hazardous waste differ by race/ethnicity, age, and other socioeconomic status using statistical analyses. − Regression models are commonly used to evaluate the relationship between environmental hazards and vulnerable groups, including both global and local models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The research on distributive environmental inequality is essential for hazard risk management because it identifies social vulnerability underlying the inequality and thus provides targeting information for risk assessment and mitigation. 11 Social vulnerability analysis, which is an essential part of the hazard risk management, needs to be considered carefully in order to dedicate appropriate time and resources to specific measures that give the greatest benefits during risk treatment. A general process of hazard risk management includes hazard identification, risk assessment, risk analysis, and risk treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiscale Analysis of the Relationship between Toxic Chemical Hazard Risks and Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Groups in Texas, USA

Feng

Sun

2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Although quantitative environmental (in)justice research demonstrates a disproportionate burden of toxic chemical hazard risks among racial/ethnic minorities and people in low socioeconomic positions, limited knowledge exists on how racial/ ethnic and socioeconomic groups across geographic spaces experience toxic chemical hazards. This study analyzed the spatial nonstationarity in the associations between toxic chemical hazard risk and community characteristics of census block groups in Texas, USA, for 2017 using a multiscale geographically weighted regression. The results showed that the percentage of Black or Asian population has significant positive associations with toxic risk across block groups in Texas, meaning that racial minorities suffered more from toxic risk wherever they are located in the state. By contrast, the percentage of Hispanic or Latino has a positive relationship with toxic risk, and the relationship varies locally and is only significant in eastern areas of Texas. Statistical associations between toxic risk and socioeconomic variables are not stationary across the state, showing sub-state patterns of spatial variation in terms of the sign, significant level, and magnitude of the coefficient. Income has a significant negative association with toxic risk around the Dallas−Fort Worth−Arlington Metropolitan Statistical Area. Proportions of people without high school diploma and the unemployment rate both have positive relationships with toxic risk in the eastern area of Texas. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying the spatial patterns of the association between toxic chemical hazard risks and community characteristics at the census block group level for addressing environmental inequality.

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“…Importantly, risk is systemic and multi-component because interconnectivity between systems is one of the features of modern society (IRCG 2018). When consequences are assessed and quantified, in addition to the heterogeneous nature of the cascading hazards, multiple heterogeneous risk metrics are produced, e.g., economic losses, loss of lives, and environmental damage (Chakraborty et al, 2021;Cremen et al, 2022). Such metrics represent the critical input to policy development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic risk framework for cascading compounding climate-geological hazards: A perspective on coastal communities in subduction zones

Risi

Muhammad²,

Luca³

et al. 2022

Front. Earth Sci.

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Integrated disaster resilience approaches are paramount for enhancing risk management of coastal communities in subduction zones under climate-geological risks. Cascading compounding climate-geological risks are dynamic, interact, and evolve with time. Also, classical convolution of hazard, vulnerability, and exposure does not allow easy implementation of causalities and dependencies that are critical in modelling impact chains due to cascading compounding multi-hazards. A new dynamic multi-hazard catastrophe modelling framework is proposed to fill important research gaps in the temporal evolution of climate-geological risks. Systemic modelling is a key tool where time-dependent and interacting risks are explicitly modelled, and multiple risk metrics can be computed. Furthermore, a possible new entropy-based approach for harmonising risk metrics is presented. Such a harmonisation can facilitate the decision-making process for disaster risk reduction. Finally, a way forward for future implementation of the proposed methodologies is discussed with a focus on the need for the development of new numerical and analytical tools.

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Exploring spatial heterogeneity and environmental injustices in exposure to flood hazards using geographically weighted regression

Cited by 19 publications

References 50 publications

Assessing social vulnerability and identifying spatial hotspots of flood risk to inform socially just flood management policy

Assessing social vulnerability and identifying spatial hotspots of flood risk to inform socially just flood management policy

Multiscale Analysis of the Relationship between Toxic Chemical Hazard Risks and Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Groups in Texas, USA

Dynamic risk framework for cascading compounding climate-geological hazards: A perspective on coastal communities in subduction zones

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