Exploring Sensory Subgroups in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Development Using Factor Mixture Modelling

Dwyer, Patrick; Ferrer, Emilio; Saron, Clifford D.; Rivera, Susan M.

doi:10.1007/s10803-021-05256-6

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…This study utilizes data overlapping with a sample of children included in prior research on sensory classes in autism and typical development (TD) based on longitudinal data between two time points (2–5 years (160 ASD, 85 TD); 4–10 years (87 ASD, 55 TD); Dwyer et al, 2020). Past research also examined differences in anxiety and sleep problems between sensory classes derived using factor mixture modeling (Dwyer et al, 2021). The present cross-sectional study is distinct from these prior longitudinal studies in several ways.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of sensory processing in young children with autism: Differences in autism characteristics, adaptive skills, and attentional problems

Kadlaskar¹,

Mao²,

Iosif³

et al. 2022

Autism

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Sensory processing differences are widely reported in autism. However, our understanding of sensory profiles in this population has been complicated due to the heterogeneous presentation of sensory symptoms. We addressed this by using latent profile analysis, allowing for the identification of more homogeneous sensory classes in a large cohort ( n = 211 (52 females), 2–4 years) of autistic children using subscale scores from the Short Sensory Profile. Based on the patterns of both severity and sensory modality, four classes emerged: Moderate/Mixed (35.5%), Severe/Mixed (8.5%), Moderate/Broad (14.6%), and Low/Mixed (41.1%). While a subset of children displayed normative sensory-related behaviors, the majority showed a combination of both hypo- and hyper-reactivity across various sensory modalities. Subsequent analyses showed that the class characterized by Severe/Mixed sensory differences exhibited greater problems in a variety of areas such as social and adaptive skills and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, whereas the Low/Mixed class showed overall fewer problems. Identification of homogeneous classes may be useful for neurophysiological/imaging studies focusing on studying underlying mechanisms linked with specific sensory patterns. These findings may help clinicians identify children with particular sensory profiles that might relate to other social, adaptive, or behavioral domains with potential implications for intervention. Lay abstract Research has found differences in responding to various sensory stimuli among autistic individuals, which are associated with social and adaptive skills. However, our understanding of sensory profiles in autism has been complicated due to the variable presentation of sensory symptoms. One way to better understand variability in sensory symptoms is to use advanced statistical approaches, such as latent profile analysis, that allow for the identification of more similar sensory classes in otherwise variable groups. We used the Short Sensory Profile to identify homogeneous classes of sensory reactivity in autistic children based on both severity and modality and examined whether sensory classes differed in terms of autism characteristics, adaptive skills, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Based on the pattern of both severity and modality, four sensory classes emerged and were named Moderate/Mixed (35.5%; probable-to-definite differences in all modalities except in movement sensitivity and low energy/weakness), Severe/Mixed (8.5%; definite sensory differences in all modalities except in low energy/weakness), Moderate/Broad (14.6%; probable-to-definite differences in all modalities), and Low/Mixed (41.1%; typical scores in most modalities with probable differences in taste/smell sensitivity, under-responsive/seeks sensation, and auditory filtering). The Severe/Mixed class exhibited greater problems in a variety of areas such as social, adaptive, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, whereas the Low/Mixed class showed overall fewer problems. This may provide insight for clinicians and researchers aiming to understand whether autistic children who exhibit distinct sensory patterns are more or less likely to also experience social, adaptive, and/or attention/behavior-related difficulties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, although various SSP factor structures have been suggested (e.g. Dwyer et al, 2021; Z. Williams et al, 2018), we elected to use the original seven SSP subscales (McIntosh et al, 1999), which are more frequently used in clinical settings and may therefore provide more clinically relevant information.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of sensory processing in young children with autism: Differences in autism characteristics, adaptive skills, and attentional problems

Kadlaskar¹,

Mao²,

Iosif³

et al. 2022

Autism

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“…However, only a few studies have discovered a relationship between SPD and sleep disturbances which opposes our study. 24,41,42,43 For SPD among children with ASD, Dwyer, et al (2021) summarize that children with ASD scored lower in SSP and displayed increased sleep disturbances. This may be because their study explores sleep disturbances in the longitudinal period through the EEG compared to our study which only evaluates using a questionnaire at a point in time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sleep Disturbances and Sensory Processing among Autism Spectrum Disorder Children

Bakar

Thanapalan

Shaharudin

et al. 2023

imjm

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INTRODUCTION: Research on sleep disturbances and sensory processing disorder (SPD) among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has received little attention. Identification of sensory components that cause sleep disturbances among ASD children will guide the therapists to select the best intervention for the condition. This study aims to identify the pattern of sensory processing that is responsible for sleep disturbance among ASD children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 55 ASD children between three and 18 years old who participated in the study. SPD was analyzed using Short Sensory Profile (SSP) while sleep disturbances utilized the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC). RESULTS: The subscale of SPD showed a strong correlation with the score for overall sleep disturbances. The subscales SPD are movements sensitivity with a positive association and auditory filtering with a negative correlation association (p<0.05). However, no significant association between total SPD and sleep disturbances (p>0.05) were noted. CONCLUSION: This finding may therefore shed light that SPD and sleep disturbances need to be addressed reciprocally. Increasing the number of participants and battery of tests are required to accurately determine the relationship between SPD and sleep disturbances.

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“…Less positively, studies have also reported that autistic people with sensory reactivity are more likely to experience sleep problems (Dwyer et al, 2022;Han et al, 2022;Linke et al, 2021), and hyper-reactivity to sensory input may predict sleep difficulties later in life (Manelis-Baram et al, 2022;Mazurek et al, 2019). Although prior studies have yielded inconsistent outcomes with respect to those sensory modalities most critical for exacerbating sleep problems (Linke et al, 2021;Manelis-Baram et al, 2022;Tzischinsky et al, 2018), it appears that auditory filtering is a contributing factor (Hollway et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2019).…”

Section: Auditory Processing and Non-social Traitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How auditory processing influences the autistic profile - a review

Poulsen,

Williams,

Dwyer

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Interpreting the world around us requires integrating sensory information across modalities to derive meaning and shape our experiences and interactions with and within everyday environments. Recent interest in sensory-focused approaches to supporting autistic people has fixed on auditory processing—the sense of hearing and the act of listening—and its crucial role in language, communications, and social domains, as well as non-social autism- specific attributes, to understand better how sensory processing might differ in autistic people. In this narrative review, we synthesize published research into auditory processing in autistic people and the relationship between auditory processing and autistic attributes in a contextually novel way. The purpose is to understand the relationship between these domains more fully, drawing on evidence gleaned from experiential perspectives through neurological investigations. We also examine the relationship between auditory processing and diagnosable auditory conditions, such as hyperacusis, misophonia, phonophobia, and intolerance to loud sounds, as well as its relation to sleep, anxiety, and sensory overload. Our review reveals that autistic people often exhibit differences in their auditory profile early in life and that this intrinsically impacts their neurological development and shapes their broader autistic profile. Through a better understanding of the potential impact of auditory experiences on daily life, our review aims to inform future research on how to support the auditory profile of autistic people through accessible environments and improved strategies, technologies, and strategies for supporting autistic people in everyday life.

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Exploring Sensory Subgroups in Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Development Using Factor Mixture Modelling

Cited by 6 publications

References 67 publications

Patterns of sensory processing in young children with autism: Differences in autism characteristics, adaptive skills, and attentional problems

Patterns of sensory processing in young children with autism: Differences in autism characteristics, adaptive skills, and attentional problems

Sleep Disturbances and Sensory Processing among Autism Spectrum Disorder Children

How auditory processing influences the autistic profile - a review

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