Exploring representativeness and reliability for late medieval earthquakes in Europe

Forlin, Paolo; Gerrard, Christopher; Petley, David

doi:10.1007/s11069-016-2502-y

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The area of Castelseprio is one of the least seismically active in Italy, with very few historical records and macroseismic intensities not exceeding degree 5 [76,77]. However, some traces in S. Giovanni and in the other main buildings of the site, both destroyed and still standing [78], may be explained by some past seismic activity.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic-Based Limit Analysis for Seismic Assessment of Free-Standing Walls of San Giovanni Church in Castelseprio UNESCO World Heritage Site

Sbrogiò,

Tavano,

Saretta

et al. 2024

Heritage

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Free-standing archaeological walls are significantly exposed to horizontal actions (e.g., earthquakes) as they lack connections provided by floors or roofs. In such cases, the dynamic response governs the activation of local mechanisms of collapse, determining the shape of the macroblocks and their position. Engineering models of archaeological walls are developed according to the results of extensive visual inspections and on-site testing, including modal identification for calibration purposes. A modal response spectrum analysis on the calibrated model identifies the zones where the tensile stress is exceeded, which are more likely to detach as rigid macroblocks and subsequently overturn due to the expected ground spectra. The macroblocks are then assessed according to limit analysis. The case studies are the north and the apse walls of the church of San Giovanni Evangelista in Castelseprio (Varese, Lombardy), a 5th century Longobard fortified settlement, a part of UNESCO World Heritage. The construction quality of the apse was poorer than the north wall, but the masonry of both is very compact thanks to the good mortar. The macroblocks are identified mostly in the upper crests of the walls, and their acceleration of activation is two to six times larger than the demand (considering the dynamic amplification that the structure applies to the ground motion); therefore, no particular intervention is needed. The proposed method will require additional calibration, e.g., through nonlinear dynamic analyses, and a more precise treatment of uncertainties in masonry mechanical properties to determine the shape of the macroblocks.

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Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic-Based Limit Analysis for Seismic Assessment of Free-Standing Walls of San Giovanni Church in Castelseprio UNESCO World Heritage Site

Sbrogiò,

Tavano,

Saretta

et al. 2024

Heritage

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“…Kernel density estimation is a standard method that can highlight the spatial distribution characteristics of an element [38,39]. Therefore, it is also possible to show the features of maceral groups, and the higher the value, the more aggregated the distribution of macerals in the laminae.…”

Section: Statistical Analysis and Kernel Density Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Study of the Maceral Groups of Laminae Based on Support Vector Machine

Fan

Liu

et al. 2022

Applied Sciences

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Identifying organic matter in laminae is fundamental to petroleum geology; however, many factors restrict manual quantification. Therefore, computer recognition is an appropriate method for accurately identifying microscopic components. In this study, we used support vector machine (SVM) to classify the preprocessed photomicrographs into seven categories: pyrite, amorphous organic matter, mineral matter, alginite, sporinite, vitrinite, and inertinite. Then, we performed a statistical analysis of the classification results and highlighted spatial aggregation of some categories using the kernel density estimation method. The results showed that the SVM can satisfactorily identify the macerals and minerals of the laminae, and its overall accuracy, kappa, precision, recall, and F1 are 82.86%, 0.80, 85.15%, 82.86%, and 82.75%, respectively. Statistical analyses revealed that pyrite was abundantly distributed in bright laminae; vitrinite and sporinite were abundantly distributed in dark laminae; and alginite and inertinite were equally distributed. Finally, the kernel density maps showed that all classification results, except inertinite, were characterized by aggregated distributions: pyrite with the distribution of multi-core centers, alginite, and sporinite with dotted distribution, and vitrinite with stripe distribution, respectively. This study may provide a new method to quantify the organic matter in laminae.

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“…Catalogues of earthquakes rely heavily on archival sources, so historic seismic events in regions of the world with little surviving written documentation can be severely under-represented [1][2][3][4]. Archaeology offers an alternative avenue of investigation but tends to play an ancillary role at best in historic seismology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovering a lost seismic disaster. The destruction of El Castillejo and the discovery of the earliest historic earthquake affecting the Granada region (Spain)

Forlin,

Reicherter,

Gerrard

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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This paper discusses recent archaeological fieldwork conducted at El Castillejo, a medieval Islamic settlement in Los Guájares, Granada, southern Spain. Results from combined archaeological excavation and archaeoseismological assessment of standing structures suggest that the site was affected by a destructive earthquake during its occupation. Radiocarbon samples and OSL analysis point to a seismic event in the period CE 1224–1266. The earthquake occurred within an area marked by a ‘seismological gap’ in terms of historic seismicity and the causative fault has been tentatively identified in the Nigüelas-Padul Fault System which lies north of the settlement. This event is not recorded by national or European seismic catalogues and represents the oldest historic earthquake in the Granada area. Our work stresses the significant impact that targeted archaeological investigations can generate in our understanding of the local historic seismicity, thus providing clear implications for seismic disaster prevention and reduction.

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Exploring representativeness and reliability for late medieval earthquakes in Europe

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Dynamic-Based Limit Analysis for Seismic Assessment of Free-Standing Walls of San Giovanni Church in Castelseprio UNESCO World Heritage Site

Dynamic-Based Limit Analysis for Seismic Assessment of Free-Standing Walls of San Giovanni Church in Castelseprio UNESCO World Heritage Site

Quantitative Study of the Maceral Groups of Laminae Based on Support Vector Machine

Recovering a lost seismic disaster. The destruction of El Castillejo and the discovery of the earliest historic earthquake affecting the Granada region (Spain)

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