Exploring potential EQ-5D bolt-on dimensions with a qualitative approach: an interview study in Hong Kong SAR, China

Abstract

Purpose The introduction of bolt-on dimensions in EQ-5D instruments is growing common, but most bolt-on studies have targeted the diseased population and obtained bolt-on from other existing Health-related Quality of Life (HRQoL) instruments. As the qualitative approach offers important evidence to support the consistency and design of the potential bolt-on items, this paper studies the Hong Kong SAR community’s perception of the current EQ-5D-5 L instrument and identifies potential bolt-on via a qualitative approach. Methods A representative sample mix was recruited based on the age group, gender, and education level composition of the Hong Kong SAR community by quota sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the interviews were transcribed and coded to identify emergent and recurrent themes. Results Thirty interviews were conducted and the majority of the interviewees considered the EQ-5D-5 L insufficiently comprehensive to illustrate their HRQoL. While some key HRQoL aspects included in the EQ-5D matched with the community’s HRQoL perception, respondents showed concern about the potential overlap of the existing HRQoL dimension, the optimal number or attributes, and the appropriateness of the EQ-VAS. Among the potential bolt-on dimensions that emerged, ‘Sleep’, ‘Interpersonal Relationship’, and ‘Satisfaction’ were the key potential bolt-on dimensions identified and emphasized in the interviews. Conclusions The qualitative findings of the study illustrate the possible gap between EQ-5D-5 L measurements and community HRQoL perception, while the findings support the development of EQ-5D bolt-on dimensions in the target community with content and face validity.