Exploring plant tissue culture to improve the production of phenolic compounds: A review

Abstract

Plant tissue and organ culture has been extensively used from the beginning of the XX century for the study and comprehension of some primary biological mechanisms such as morphogenesis. However, with the increasing demand of the market for novel products derived from plants, in vitro culture became a reliable technique for the mass production of plant material. Moreover, the potential to use this technique for the production of some bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, is immense since it allows the manipulation of the biosynthetic routes to increase the production and accumulation of specific compounds. This work intends to make a brief historical review of in vitro culture, highlighting its use for the production of bioactive compounds. Also, emphasizes the importance of phenolic compounds for the consumer as well reviews the metabolic pathways involved in its production in plant cells.Furthermore, it was carried out a comprehensive study on the work developed for the production of plant phenolic compounds in in vitro cultures, as well as on the type of elicitors used to increase of the same production; also a brief highlighting of the phenolic compounds which serve as elicitors. There are numerous reports directed to the production of phenolic extracts in in vitro plant cultures, however there is a lack in the production of individual phenolic compounds mainly due to the complexity of the biosynthetic routes and extraction procedures. Elicitation procedures are often used to increase the production of phenolics, archieving in most cases higher yields than in nonelicitated cultures. The increasing production of bioactive phenolic extracts/compounds allows for their further applicability, namely in the industry of functional foods or in pharmaceutical/medical fields.3

Bioactive characterization of Persea americana Mill. by-products: A rich source of inherent antioxidants

“…The recovery of bioactive compounds from different waste materials has been the main focus of many scientific studies, since the agro-industries valorise these by-products, generating a large amount of phytochemicals, that can be applied as functional food compounds or as food ingredients, (e.g. colorants, emulsifiers, thickeners, antioxidants, among others) (Azeredo, 2009;Dias et al, 2016;Gong and Bassi, 2016). Although numerous methodologies can be found in literature for bioactive compounds recovery like ultrafiltration, supercritical fluid extraction, ultrasound extraction, resin adsorption, encapsulation and spray drying among others (da Silva et al, 2016;Destro dos Santos et al, 2016;Kaderides and Goula, 2017;Li et al, 2012;Medina-Meza and Barbosa-Cánovas, 2015;Yamashita et al, 2017), five distinct recovery stages can principally be observed: macroscopic pre-treatment, macro and micromolecules separation, extraction, purification and nutraceuticals formation (Galanakis, 2012).…”

“…Polyphenolic content in plants and fruits have been extensively studied due to the good impact these substances has shown as a potential health benefits arising from their biological activity as hepatoprotective, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities (Ambigaipalan, 2015;Carocho and Ferreira, 2013;Dias et al, 2016;Kaur Kala et al, 2016). From the 29 different compounds found on P. americana by-products, 23 of them were found in peels (227.9 mg/g of extract) and only 8 in kernels (72.5 mg/g of extract), this represent around 3-fold higher polyphenols content in peels, these results obtained proved to be consistent with the other reports (Kosińska et al, 2012;Rodríguez-Carpena et al,2011).…”

By-product recovery of Opuntia spp. peels: Betalainic and phenolic profiles and bioactive properties

“…Scientists have lately reported multiple properties regarding to phenolic compounds as antioxidants endowed with anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activities (Dias et al, 2016;Kaur Kala et al, 2016). Among the most cited properties attributed to polyphenols it is the protective effect against damage of the human body caused by reactive oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur species (ROS, RNS and RSS, respectively) (Ambigaipalan, 2015;Carocho and Ferreira, 2013).…”

Effect of the Particle Geometry and Adhesive Mass Percentage on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard made from Peanut Hull

“…About 46 million tons of peanuts are harvested throughout the world every year, resulting in 7 million tons of peanut hull obtained as by-product (Guler and Buyuksari 2011). The peanut hulls are often discarded as waste material and immediately burnt or buried after harvest (Dias et al 2016;Miranda et al 2016). Due to the shortage of wood resources and the growing problem of environmental pollution, there is growing interest in using various agricultural residues to produce functional materials, including composite panels (Rowell 1995;Nemli et al 2008;Mohammad et al 2015).…”

“…In general, the raw materials used to fabricate particleboard must have a chemical composition similar to that of wood, which usually contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin (Copur et al 2007;Barros Filho 2011;Fiorelli et al 2012;Dias et al 2016). Peanut hull consists of 68.8% holocellulose, which includes 42.5% α-cellulose and 28% lignin (Guler et al 2008).…”