Exploring Personality Through Test Construction: Development of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire

Tellegen, Auke; Waller, Niels G.

doi:10.4135/9781849200479.n13

Cited by 726 publications

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Section: Suppressor Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that goal, it is very difficult (both conceptually and analytically) to provide a concise and cogent illustration of the consequences of suppressor situations using more than two predictor variables. 2 Although the Schmitt and Newman (1999) study included nine self-report measures, two of these measures (Harm Avoidance and Constraint) have been shown to be indicators of behavioral disinhibition rather than the emotional aspect of fear associated with NEM (Tellegen & Waller, 1992 Recently, researchers have demonstrated that suppressor effects fall within the same intervening variable framework as mediating and confounding effects, wherein the impact of an initial predictor is partitioned into a direct and an indirect effect via a third variable (MacKinnon, Krull, & Lockwood, 2000;Shrout & Bolger, 2002). In this model, suppression occurs when the indirect effect of a predictor is opposite that of its direct effect.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In the present context, fearfulness refers only to the negative emotional experience of fear as opposed to the propensity to engage in risky or physically dangerous activities for the purpose of thrill seeking. This is because fear associated with the latter context is a facet of the higher order trait dimension of behavioral disinhibition rather than NEM (Tellegen & Waller, 1992).Contemporaneous with Buss and Plomin's (1984) development of their childhood temperament model, Tellegen and colleagues (Tellegen, 1978(Tellegen, /1982(Tellegen, /1985Tellegen & Waller, 1992) independently developed a temperament-based structural model of adult personality. Tellegen's model (Tellegen & Waller, 1992) includes 11 relatively distinct, lower order personality trait constructs whose interrelations yield three orthogonal higher order trait dimensions.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This is because fear associated with the latter context is a facet of the higher order trait dimension of behavioral disinhibition rather than NEM (Tellegen & Waller, 1992).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Tellegen's model (Tellegen & Waller, 1992) includes 11 relatively distinct, lower order personality trait constructs whose interrelations yield three orthogonal higher order trait dimensions. Tellegen (Tellegen & Waller, 1992) interpreted two of these higher order trait dimensions, positive emotionality and negative emotionality, as having a direct link with temperament traits; that is, these dimensions reflected individual differences in the intensity of one's experience of positive and negative emotions, respectively. Tellegen and Waller's conception of NEM includes the lower order trait constructs of stress reaction and aggression, which closely correspond to the emotional distress and anger facets of Buss and Plomin's & Neale, 2003;Krueger, 1999;Vollebergh et al, 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility.

Hicks¹,

Patrick²

2006

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

257

253

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Low negative emotionality (NEM) holds a central place in classic descriptions and seminal theories of psychopathy. However, the empirical link between low NEM and psychopathy is weak. The authors posited that this inconsistency is due to the multifaceted nature of both the NEM and psychopathy constructs and to suppressor effects between facets of psychopathy in relation to NEM criteria. The authors sought to delineate the differential associations between facets of psychopathy and NEM in a large sample of male prisoners using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; R. D. Hare, 2003) and self-report measures assessing different aspects of NEM. Statistical analyses revealed that the interpersonal-affective facet of psychopathy is negatively associated whereas the social deviance facet of psychopathy is positively associated with facets of NEM. The results demonstrate that suppressor effects can reconcile the centrality of NEM in classic descriptions of psychopathy with empirical investigations using the PCL-R. Keywordspsychopathy; negative affect; suppressor effects; Psychopathy Checklist-Revised Explicating the relationship between psychopathy and negative emotionality (NEM; the tendency to experience unpleasant emotional states such as fear, anger, and nervous tension) has been one of the most challenging and conceptually important issues in psychopathy research. Although low anxiety and fearlessness have featured prominently in many clinical descriptions and theories of psychopathy (Cleckley, 1941;Fowles, 1980;Karpman, 1948;Lykken, 1995; Patrick, in press), empirical investigations often yield weak, inconsistent, or complex effects, creating confusion regarding the etiological significance of low NEM in psychopathy (cf. Hare, 2003). We contend that these difficulties are due to (a) the multifaceted nature of both the NEM and psychopathy constructs, such that different facets of NEM have differential associations with the facets of psychopathy, and (b) the presence of suppressor effects between the factor scores of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991Hare, , 2003 in relation to NEM criterion measures.We provide a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between facets of psychopathy as operationalized by PCL-R factor scores and several facets of NEM. In particular, we provide a systematic examination of the suppressor effects present between the PCL-R factor scores in the prediction of NEM outcomes. We demonstrate that suppression provides the analytic and conceptual framework needed to reconcile the centrality of NEM in clinical descriptions NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript of psychopathy with empirical investigations that use the PCL-R. Specifically, we demonstrate that PCL-R Factor 1 (F1) and Factor 2 (F2) exhibit mutually repulsive effects in the prediction of facets of NEM, wherein F1 is negatively associated with emotional distress (a similar but broader construct than trait anxiety) and fearfulness and is unrelated to anger-hostility, w...

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Section: Suppressor Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because fear associated with the latter context is a facet of the higher order trait dimension of behavioral disinhibition rather than NEM (Tellegen & Waller, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility.

Hicks¹,

Patrick²

2006

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

257

253

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Genome-wide Association Study of Alcohol Dependence

Treutlein¹,

Cichon²,

Ridinger³

et al. 2009

Arch Gen Psychiatry

367

318

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Context Identification of genes contributing to alcohol dependence will improve our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this disorder. Objective To identify susceptibility genes for alcohol dependence through a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and follow-up study in a population of German male inpatients with an early age at onset. Design The GWAS included 487 male inpatients with DSM-IV alcohol dependence with an age at onset below 28 years and 1,358 population based control individuals. The follow-up study included 1,024 male inpatients and 996 age-matched male controls. All subjects were of German descent. The GWAS tested 524,396 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). All SNPs with p<10-4 were subjected to the follow-up study. In addition, nominally significant SNPs from those genes that had also shown expression changes in rat brains after chronic alcohol consumption were selected for the follow-up step. Results The GWAS produced 121 SNPs with nominal p<10-4. These, together with 19 additional SNPs from homologs of rat genes showing differential expression, were genotyped in the follow-up sample. Fifteen SNPs showed significant association with the same allele as in the GWAS. In the combined analysis, two closely linked intergenic SNPs met genome-wide significance (rs7590720 p=9.72×10-9; rs1344694 p=1.69×10-8). They are located on chromosome 2q35, a region which has been implicated in linkage studies for alcohol phenotypes. Nine SNPs were located in genes, including CDH13 and ADH1C genes which have been reported to be associated with alcohol dependence. Conclusion This is the first GWAS and follow-up study to identify a genome-wide significant association in alcohol dependence. Further independent studies are required to confirm these findings.

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Mental Disorders and Violence in a Total Birth Cohort

Arseneault¹,

Moffitt²,

Caspi³

et al. 2000

Arch Gen Psychiatry

619

410

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Exploring Personality Through Test Construction: Development of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire

Abstract: Construct explication through factor or components analysis: A review and evaluation of alternative procedures for determining the number of factors or components. In

Cited by 726 publications

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Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility.

Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility.

Genome-wide Association Study of Alcohol Dependence

Mental Disorders and Violence in a Total Birth Cohort

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