Exploring nano-enabled CRISPR-Cas-powered strategies for efficient diagnostics and treatment of infectious diseases

Abstract

Biomedical researchers have subsequently been inspired the development of new approaches for precisely changing an organism's genomic DNA in order to investigate customized diagnostics and therapeutics utilizing genetic engineering techniques. Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is one such technique that has emerged as a safe, targeted, and effective pharmaceutical treatment against a wide range of disease-causing organisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, as well as genetic abnormalities. The recent discovery of very flexible engineered nucleic acid binding proteins has changed the scientific area of genome editing in a revolutionary way. Since current genetic engineering technique relies on viral vectors, issues about immunogenicity, insertional oncogenesis, retention, and targeted delivery remain unanswered. The use of nanotechnology has the potential to improve the safety and efficacy of CRISPR/ Cas9 component distribution by employing tailored polymeric nanoparticles. The combination of two (CRISPR/Cas9 and nanotechnology) offers the potential to open new therapeutic paths. Considering the benefits, demand, and constraints, the goal of this research is to acquire more about the biology of CRISPR technology, as well as aspects of selective and effective diagnostics and therapies for infectious illnesses and other metabolic disorders. This review advocated combining nanomedicine (nanomedicine) with a CRISPR/Cas enabled sensing system to perform early-stage diagnostics and selective therapy of specific infectious disorders. Such a Nano-CRISPR-powered nanomedicine and sensing system would allow for successful infectious illness control, even on a personal level. This comprehensive study also discusses the current obstacles and potential of the predicted technology.

Nanodevices for the Efficient Codelivery of CRISPR-Cas9 Editing Machinery and an Entrapped Cargo: A Proposal for Dual Anti-Inflammatory Therapy

“…Moreover, targeting ligands can be easily incorporated into MSNs to achieve targeted CRISPR-Cas9 delivery to thus reduce the off-target effects that derive from gene editing in non-targeted tissues [ 64 ]. Importantly as a dual platform, multiple combinations for gene editing and drug therapy can be envisioned by using MSNs by preparing advanced nanodevices to solve possible biomedical needs in complex diseases or restoring sensitivity in drug-resistant diseases like cancer or infections [ 64 , 65 , 66 ].…”

Theragnostic application of nanoparticle and CRISPR against food-borne multi-drug resistant pathogens

“…When the target DNA is detected, the test strip will show two colored bands that form through a reaction catalyzed by HRP with the peroxidase substrate DAB, and only one control line band will appear when no target DNA is detected (Figures adapted and edited from Refs. [ 136 , 159 ]). …”

“…Nanomaterials, primarily metal nanoparticles, offer a high degree of stability, as well as satisfactory optical and electrocatalytic properties, making them ideal for use as reporter molecules. CRISPR/Cas machinery on metal nanoparticles is being used in biosensor research to design a nanosensor with the motif of targeting a variety of pathogens [ 136 , 137 ]. Nanotechnology offers the potential to enhance the effectiveness and safety of CRISPR/Cas distribution, which has been known as a major limitation of its application.…”

CRISPR-Cas9-Based Technology and Its Relevance to Gene Editing in Parkinson’s Disease

“…The biomolecules were encapsulated onto tungsten or gold microparticles, which were then accelerated to incredible velocities with high-voltage electronic discharges, chemical explosions, helium shock, or pressurized gas [203]. Magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENPs) have been shown to be an effective magnetically guided approach for delivering CRISPR-Cas9/gRNA nanoparticles across the BBB without interfering with its cellular junction [204]. As a result, the attached biomolecules might be shot through cell walls and membranes into target cells.…”