Exploring local compliance with peacebuilding reforms: legitimacy, coercion and reward-seeking in police reform in Kosovo

Gippert, Birte Julia

doi:10.1080/13533312.2015.1100966

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…EULEX's police work had several elements. The biggest component was strengthening the Kosovo Police (which had been renamed and restructured after independence) through mentoring, monitoring and advising (MMA; Gippert 2016). EULEX also had executive functions in the fields of corruption, organised crime, financial/economic crimes, and war and inter-ethnic crimes, as well as terrorism (Council 2008).…”

Section: Un Kfor and Eulexmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in the local perception of EULEX and KFOR in their security-related tasks

Mahr

2020

European Security

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This article compares the local perceptions of the EU Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo (EULEX) with those of NATO's mission Kosovo Force (KFOR) and investigates the reasons for observed differences. It focuses on an oft-overlooked aspect of EULEX: its broadly defined security-related tasks. Until recently, EULEX could be seen as a prominent security actor, thanks to its robust police component and its function as a second respondent. EULEX coexists in Kosovo with KFOR; while the former is civilian and the latter military, both play complementary roles in the security realm and some of their tasks are similar. However, the local perceptions of EULEX and KFOR regarding their execution of security-related tasks have differed, with only KFOR enjoying local acceptance. This article argues that such differences are caused by the missions' differently perceived powers over local actors, as manifested through their ability to exert compliance and cooperation from local actors through coercion, the ability to offer rewards and legitimacy. By going beyond the well-researched initial gratitude of Kosovo Albanians to NATO/US for intervening in 1999, this article offers a more fine-grained analysis of Kosovo Albanian and Kosovo Serbian perceptions of EULEX and KFOR.

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Section: Un Kfor and Eulexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, EULEX had very limited opportunities to offer rewards within the police forces (Gippert 2016).…”

Section: Perceptions Of Eulexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the local perception of EULEX and KFOR in their security-related tasks

Mahr

2020

European Security

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“…The significance of legitimacy in international interventions and peace operations has received increasing recognition in recent years. Contributions have highlighted the importance of the concept for winning local support and acceptance of a mission (Gow and Dandeker, 1995;Mersiades, 2005), and fostering compliance with and efficiency of international efforts (Gippert, 2016;Whalan, 2013). International donors and policymakers have similarly included perceptions of legitimacy into their guidelines and policies (Department of Peacekeeping Operations, 2008; Department for International Development [DFID], 2011;OECD-DAC, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sum of its parts? Sources of local legitimacy

Gippert¹

2016

Cooperation and Conflict

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The article analyses the sources of local actors’ legitimacy perceptions towards international peacebuilding operations. Local legitimacy perceptions are increasingly recognised as shaping local behaviour towards international peacebuilding, which influences the effective functioning of the operation. Legitimacy debates in peacebuilding are either absent or imported from the literature on domestic legitimacy, without respect to the specific temporal and spatial situation of international operations. The article first explores which legitimacy sources influence local legitimacy perceptions of international peacebuilding operations. It finds that two sources are relevant: output and procedure. Second, it investigates how exactly legitimacy arises from them. In doing so, it demonstrates that output and procedure are umbrella terms comprising several sub-elements which influence legitimacy in different, sometimes contradictory, ways. Finally, the article empirically explores which of the sources are important to local actors’ legitimacy perceptions using field data from the EU peacebuilding operations EULEX in Kosovo and EUPM Bosnia-Herzegovina.

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“…Only recently has this focus broadened to include factors such as the agency of local partners, local spoilers, and the dynamics between local factions (Stedman 1997;Pouligny 2006;Fortna 2008;Whalan 2013;Gippert 2016a), showing the impact of local actors' actions and attitudes on mission effectiveness. According to this more recent work, it is local actors' compliance and cooperation with a mission's activities that shape how effectively its objectives can be implemented, and international operations must be perceived as legitimate by key local actors in order for this cooperation and compliance to occur.…”

Section: Legitimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Individual contributions have been valuable for understanding how local legitimacy affects peace operations (Whalan 2013;Gippert 2016a), how international organizations view legitimacy (Coleman 2007;Zaum 2013), and how legitimacy narratives are used in conflict and post-conflict situations (von Billerbeck 2016); however, there is little in the way of detailed analysis of the spectrum of theoretical, conceptual, and empirical legitimacy issues that arise during and after conflict, including the relevant audiences, sources, and impact (or lack thereof) of legitimacy in relation to war and peace. In particular, there is a lack of awareness and understanding of the trade-offs and dilemmas that legitimacy introduces in conflict and post-conflict settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legitimacy in Conflict: Concepts, Practices, Challenges

Billerbeck

Gippert

2017

Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding

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The study of legitimacy in situations of conflict and peacebuilding has increased in recent years. However, current work on the topic adopts many assumptions, definitions, and understandings from classical legitimacy theory, which centers on the relationship between the nation-state and its citizens. In this introduction, we provide a detailed critical overview of current theories of legitimacy and legitimation and demonstrate why they have only limited applicability in conflict and post-conflict contexts, focusing on the three main areas that the articles included in this special issue examine: audiences for legitimacy, sources of legitimacy, and legitimation. In particular, we show how conflict and post-conflict contexts are marked by the fragmentation and personalization of power; the proliferation and fragmentation of legitimacy audiences; and ambiguity surrounding legitimation strategies.

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Exploring local compliance with peacebuilding reforms: legitimacy, coercion and reward-seeking in police reform in Kosovo

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Differences in the local perception of EULEX and KFOR in their security-related tasks

Differences in the local perception of EULEX and KFOR in their security-related tasks

The sum of its parts? Sources of local legitimacy

Legitimacy in Conflict: Concepts, Practices, Challenges

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