Exploring lipophilic antioxidants accumulation in field-grown low temperature-stressed Ephedra monosperma

Abstract

Ax -antheraxanthin; β-Car -β-carotene; 1 Chl * -singlet excited state of chlorophyll; Fm -maximal fluorescence yield; F0 -minimal fluorescence yield; NPQ -nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence; 1 O2 * -singlet oxygen; OJIP curve -Chl a fluorescence transient; PGs -plastoglobules; PQ -plastoquinone; PQH2 -plastoquinol; PQtot -total level of PQ (oxidized plus reduced); PSII -photosystem II; QA -primary quinone acceptor of electrons in PSII; RCs -reaction centers; Rhd -keto-carotenoid rhodoxanthin; α-Toc -α-tocopherol; VJ -relative variable fluorescence at the J-step; Vx -violaxanthin; Zх -zeaxanthin; φEo -quantum yield for electron transport; φPo -maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry.