“…To effectively integrate STEM education, teachers should adequately build STEMPCK. STEMPCK is a combination of different categories: STEM content knowledge, STEM integration knowledge, pedagogical knowledge, 21st-century skills knowledge, and context knowledge (Appleton, 1995(Appleton, , 2003Avery, 2009;Ball, Thames, & Phelps, 2008;Benuzzi, 2015;Custer & Daugherty, 2009;Eckman, Williams, & Silver-Thorn, 2016;Eilks & Markic, 2011;Epstein & Miller, 2011;Harris & Hofer, 2011;Hill, Rowan, & Ball, 2005;Hudson et al, 2015;C. A. Lee & Houseal, 2003;K.-T. Lee & Nason, 2012;Nadelson, Seifert, Moll, & Coats, 2012;National Research Council, 2000;President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology [PCAST], 2010; Rogers et al, 2016;Stohlmann et al, 2012;Shulman, 1986;Wilson, 2011;Wang, Moore, Roehrig, & Park, 2011).…”