Exploring Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics for Enhanced Energy Harvesting Applications

Abstract

Piezoceramics, stemming from PZT and BaTiO3 discoveries, revolutionize technology with exceptional piezoelectricity. This exploration traces their evolution, highlighting PZT and BaTiO3's foundational roles. Diverse piezoceramics like BiFeO3, BiNaTiO3, and high-d33 KNN are featured. Enhancing KNN's piezoelectric performance via morphotropic phase boundaries, similar to PZT's MPB, is pivotal. The rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary in KNN is crucial for high d33 values, emphasizing phase transitions. Controlled sintering and poling, aligning domains, and reducing defects are vital for optimized piezoelectricity. In summary, this narrative explores historical origins, essential properties, KNN's remarkable d33 and Tc, the quest for MPBs, and the role of phase boundaries and meticulous processing in advancing piezoelectric materials.