Exploring How Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners Practise Trauma-Informed Care

Poldon, Suzanne; Duhn, Lenora; Camargo‐Plazas, Pilar; Purkey, Eva; Tranmer, Joan

doi:10.1097/jfn.0000000000000338

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(282 reference statements)

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“…According to the findings of the literature review, one attribute of vicarious trauma can be described as empathy overload, in which nurses experience a state of being overwhelmed by the trauma experiences of their patients (Rice & Warland, 2013; Wang et al., 2022). This phenomenon occurs when nurses consistently and intensely engage in empathetic responses towards their patients, to the point where the emotional and psychological burden of absorbing and understanding the patients' trauma becomes excessive (Goldblatt, 2009; Poldon, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Professionally, Nurses' emotional and psychological state can impact their job performance and patient outcomes (Glidewell, 2000; Wies & Coy, 2013). Vicarious trauma can worsen these effects, leading to reduced empathy (Raunick et al., 2015), distancing from patients (Maier, 2011), strained nurse–patient relationship (Spinelli, 2011), decreased job satisfaction and efficiency (Rebelo, 2020; Robinson et al., 2003) and increased turnover (Lespinasse, 2021; Poldon, 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vicarious trauma in nursing: A hybrid concept analysis

Wu,

Bo,

Yang

et al. 2023

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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BackgroundVicarious trauma can significantly affect the physical and mental health of nurses, as well as their ability to provide quality of care. However, the concept of vicarious trauma has received limited attention and remains controversial in the nursing context.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to clarify and define the concept of vicarious trauma as it pertains to the nursing context.MethodsThe Schwartz and Kim's three‐stage hybrid concept analysis method was used to define the concept. In the theoretical phase, PubMed, CINAHL, OVID, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, PsycINFO, CNKI database, VIP database and Wanfang database were used using keywords “nurs*”and “vicarious trauma*”, resulting in a total of 25 papers. In the fieldwork phase, we conducted participatory observations in three hospitals and semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with 18 clinical nurses from seven cities. In the analysis phase, the results of the previous two phases were integrated to develop a comprehensive concept of vicarious trauma in nursing.ResultsBased on the results of the theoretical and field phases, we propose the concept of vicarious trauma in nursing as follows: vicarious trauma is a psychological trauma impacting nurses' cognitive schema which they may experience in clinical settings or on social media, resulting from deeply empathize with the physical or emotional trauma of patients, family, or colleagues, such as patients' physical injuries or death, family's grieving feelings and colleagues' received threats and attacks. Positively, vicarious trauma can transform into vicarious post‐trauma growth through repositioning and connection, nourishing nurses and promoting their personal and professional development.ConclusionThe concept of vicarious trauma in nursing is multidimensional and holistic. This study clarifies the concept of vicarious trauma in nursing using the hybrid concept analysis, providing a framework for future research and practice on vicarious trauma in the nursing field.Patient or Public ContributionNurses contributed to the conduct of the study by participating in the data collection via interviews.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vicarious trauma in nursing: A hybrid concept analysis

Wu,

Bo,

Yang

et al. 2023

Journal of Clinical Nursing

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,11 The SANEs are able to build a unique, trusting relationship with their patients that is focused on providing SA survivors with control and choices surrounding their care decisions. 12 Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner programs are increasingly common, and there is rising awareness of the importance of specialized SANE training; however, there is still a nationwide shortage of SANEs. 13 Rural areas have few SANEs and are less likely than urban areas to have 24-hour continuous SANE coverage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners Lead to Improved Uptake of Services: A Cross-Sectional Study

Hollender,

Almirol,

Meyer

et al. 2023

WestJEM

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Introduction Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANE), who are trained to provide comprehensive and compassionate specialty care to sexual assault survivors, are increasingly used in the emergency department (ED), but there is little published literature to support their benefit. In this study we aimed to compare services offered and received by sexual assault survivors in the ED when care was provided by a SANE vs those with traditional care teams, hypothesizing that SANE utilization will be associated with improved uptake of recommended services. Methods This was a retrospective review examining all patient encounters in which a sexual assault was disclosed in a large, urban, adult ED between June 1, 2019–June 30, 2022. We extracted timeline information from the ED encounter, demographic information, resources offered to and accepted by the patient, clinical care data, and continuity of care data from the medical record. We used unadjusted and adjusted analyses to compare patient demographics and services offered and accepted between SANE and non-SANE encounters. Results We included a total of 182 encounters in the analysis, of which 130 (71.4%) involved SANEs. Demographics were similar between groups, except there was a larger proportion of cisgender men in the non-SANE group (14.0% vs 5.5%), and the timing of visits differed, with non-SANE visits more common during the overnight shift. All recommended testing, prophylaxis, and resources were offered more frequently during SANE visits, and all but one were more frequently accepted by patients during SANE visits, although not all comparisons reached statistical significance. Conclusion Patients who received care from a SANE were more often offered recommended services and resources and more frequently accepted them. Making SANE care available at all times to these vulnerable patients would both improve patient outcomes and allow hospitals to meet required quality metrics. States should consider expanding legislation to encourage and fund SANE coverage for all hospitals to support access to vital resources in the ED for survivors of sexual assault.

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