Exploring how different types of yoga change psychological resources and emotional well-being across a single session

Park, Crystal L.; Finkelstein‐Fox, Lucy; Groessl, Erik J.; Elwy, A. Rani; Lee, Sharon Y.

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102354

Cited by 40 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In these studies, salutary changes (e.g., breath work) and facilitation of blood circulation were explained as possible mechanisms behind the emotional improvement. We assume that there could have been a similar effect but a relatively smaller amount of emotional improvement in our study compared with those in previous studies [ 32 , 33 ]. This discrepancy could be explained by characteristics of study population (healthy vs. surgery) and the frequency of measurements.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…Based on that, the overall degree of emotional improvement after a single session in our study is not clinically meaningful. According to previous studies concerning the effect of a single-session, a 60-min Yoga program in healthy adults [ 32 ] or a 5-min hand massage in patients awaiting surgery [ 33 ] resulted in emotional improvements of 11% (positive engagement) and 50% (anxiety using the VAS), respectively. In these studies, salutary changes (e.g., breath work) and facilitation of blood circulation were explained as possible mechanisms behind the emotional improvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emotional Changes and Functional Progressions during Postoperative Rehabilitation in Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Preliminary Study

Lee

Park

2021

Healthcare

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An interrelationship between psychological and physical health is generally accepted in the field of sports medicine. This preliminary study explored the association between emotional changes and functional outcomes and aimed to describe how each aspect progresses during postoperative rehabilitation. Four collegiate student-athletes (1 female and 3 males) who underwent supervised postoperative rehabilitation due to a lower-extremity injury volunteered for participation in the study. Emotion was quantified using a visual analogue scale prior to and after each session while self-reported function using the Lower-extremity Functional Scale was assessed every eight sessions throughout rehabilitation. There was a moderate correlation between emotional changes and functional outcomes (r = 0.58, p < 0.0001). After the first emotional improvement, patients experienced six emotional deteriorations (28% of the entire rehabilitation period; F49,297 = 2.25, p < 0.0001), while their function consistently increased (F49,147 = 17.39, p < 0.0001). Clinicians should be aware of the relationship between emotional changes and functional progression as well as the occurrence of emotional fluctuations when supervising and consulting patients during postoperative rehabilitation. A larger study is warranted to generalize the results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emotional Changes and Functional Progressions during Postoperative Rehabilitation in Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Preliminary Study

Lee

Park

2021

Healthcare

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“…In the present study, interoceptive awareness demonstrated by far the largest effect size from pre‐to post‐intervention ( d = 0.98); in contrast, mindfulness, self‐compassion and self‐control all demonstrated only small effect sizes (ds = 0.28, 0.28 and 0.29). Future studies will benefit from examining change in these same proposed psychosocial mechanisms following different types of yoga (e.g., Bikram, restorative), since it is likely that different practices will have very different effects on psychosocial mechanisms and change in perceived stress and stress reactivity (Park, Finkelstein‐Fox, Groessl, Lee, & Elwy, 2020). Changes in psychological responses to stress (i.e., mindfulness, self‐compassion and self‐control) may occur on different temporal schedules or over longer periods of regular yoga practice than that involved in the present study while attention to internal states (i.e., interoceptive awareness) changes more quickly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How does yoga reduce stress? A clinical trial testing psychological mechanisms

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Yoga interventions can reduce stress, but the mechanisms underlying that stress reduction remain largely unidentified. Understanding how yoga works is essential to optimizing interventions. The present study tested five potential psychosocial mechanisms (increased mindfulness, interoceptive awareness, spiritual well‐being, self‐compassion and self‐control) that have been proposed to explain yoga's impact on stress. Forty‐two participants (62% female; 64% White) in a yoga program for stress reduction completed surveys at baseline (T1), mid‐intervention (T2) and post‐intervention (12 weeks; T3). We measured two aspects of stress, perceived stress and stress reactivity. Changes were assessed with paired t‐tests; associations between changes in mechanisms were tested in residual change models. Only stress reactivity decreased, on average, from T1 to T3. Except for self‐compassion, all psychosocial mechanisms increased from T1 to T3, with minimal changes from T2 to T3. Except for self‐control, increases in each mechanism were strongly associated with decreases in both measures of stress between T1 and T2 and decreases in perceived stress from T1 to T3 (all p's < 0.05). Increased psychosocial resources are associated with stress reduction. Yoga interventions targeting these resources may show stronger stress reduction effects. Future research should test these linkages more rigorously using active comparison groups and larger samples.

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“…Additionally, longer duration interventions might yield more favorable neural and physiological responses, and stress-related outcomes, such as improved neural pathways, decreased heart rate, blood pressure, and cortisol. However, 11 different types of single, hour-long yoga sessions with 144 experienced practitioners revealed improved positive emotions, exhaustion, psychological resources, and well-being, measured mainly with ten different subjective instruments [ 102 ]. Therefore, we recommend further investigation since it might be vital to measure the effects over time, e.g., investigating shorter timeframes—ten minutes of MBPA interventions compared to longer MBPA interventions on physiological stress-related variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind–Body Physical Activity Interventions and Stress-Related Physiological Markers in Educational Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Strehli

Burns

Bai

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Mind–Body Physical Activity (MBPA) in educational settings is one possible preventive strategy for ameliorating stress-related physiological health parameters. The objectives of this study were to conduct a systematic review of the literature with meta-analyses on the effects of MBPA on stress-related physiological health markers in primary, secondary, and higher education students. In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the search for peer-reviewed articles published in English was conducted in PubMed, EBSCOhost, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases. Criteria for inclusion consisted of empirical studies targeting the student population (primary, secondary, higher education), studies examining the effectiveness of an MBPA intervention, studies including a control or comparison group (pre-test/post-test studies excluded), studies targeting physiological marker outcomes such as heart rate, blood glucose, cortisol, and blood pressure, and finally, studies examining interventions implemented within educational settings. Twenty-six interventions were eligible for the review and quantitative synthesis, which comprised a total of 1625 participants, with 783 students serving within the control/comparison group. There were statistically significant and large pooled effects for MBPA effectiveness for lowering heart rate (Hedges’ g = −1.71, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): −2.43, −0.98), cortisol (Hedges’ g = −1.32, 95% CI: −2.50, −0.16), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Hedges’ g = −1.04, 95% CI: −1.53, −0.58). These effects tended to be stronger in older students compared to younger students. Most analyses were characterized as having high heterogeneity and only 10 of the 26 studies were characterized as good quality (38.4%). MBPA interventions may have a positive impact on specific physiological health markers in students, especially in students within higher education. However, higher-quality research is needed in this area.

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Exploring how different types of yoga change psychological resources and emotional well-being across a single session

Cited by 40 publications

References 40 publications

Emotional Changes and Functional Progressions during Postoperative Rehabilitation in Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Preliminary Study

Emotional Changes and Functional Progressions during Postoperative Rehabilitation in Collegiate Student-Athletes: A Preliminary Study

How does yoga reduce stress? A clinical trial testing psychological mechanisms

Mind–Body Physical Activity Interventions and Stress-Related Physiological Markers in Educational Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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