Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities: Overview of the EHDIC Study

LaVeist, Thomas A.; Thorpe, Roland J.; Bowen-Reid, Terra L.; Jackson, J.; Gary, Tiffany L.; Gaskin, Darrell J.; Browne, Dorothy C.

doi:10.1007/s11524-007-9226-y

Cited by 69 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…While it would be ideal to address potential confounding at the neighborhood-level, the present study cannot address community-level effects and future studies will be impeded by the extremely small numbers of racially integrated communities in the USA. 16 A third possible reason for these results is that they are attributable to unique features of this low-income, urban environment. In addition to being a racially integrated community, the EHDIC-SWB study setting is unique in two key ways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because our survey had similar coverage across each census block group in the study area, the bias to geographic locale and its relationship with socioeconomic status should be minimal. 16 Comparisons to the 2000 Census for the study area indicated that the EHDIC-SWB sample included a higher proportion of blacks and women, but was otherwise similar with respect to other demographic and socioeconomic indicators. 16 The final sample included 573 whites and 835 African Americans, of whom 549 whites and 777 African Americans had complete data for these analyses.…”

Section: Sample and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…16 Comparisons to the 2000 Census for the study area indicated that the EHDIC-SWB sample included a higher proportion of blacks and women, but was otherwise similar with respect to other demographic and socioeconomic indicators. 16 The final sample included 573 whites and 835 African Americans, of whom 549 whites and 777 African Americans had complete data for these analyses. The study was approved by the Committee on Human Subjects Research at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and participants provided written informed consent.…”

Section: Sample and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities Study, described in detail elsewhere, 16 is an ongoing multisite study of race disparities within communities where African Americans and non-Hispanic whites live together and where there are no race differences in socioeconomic status (as measured by median income). The first EHDIC study site was conducted in Southwest Baltimore, Maryland (EHDIC-SWB) in 2003.…”

Section: Sample and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community Characteristics are Associated with Blood Pressure Levels in a Racially Integrated Community

Samuel

Thorpe²,

Bower³

et al. 2015

J Urban Health

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Community problems have been associated with higher, and community resources and social cohesion with lower, blood pressure. However, prior studies have not accounted for potential confounding by residential racial segregation. This study tested associations between community characteristics and blood pressure levels and prevalent hypertension in a racially integrated community. The Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities Study measured blood pressure in residents of two contiguous racially integrated and low-income US Census Tracts. Community characteristics included a standardized community problem score and binary indicators for community social cohesion, having a community leader available, and having at least one community resource observed on the participant's block. In adjusted models, greater community problems and proximity to resources were associated with lower systolic (β=−2.020, p=0.028; β=−4.132, p=0.010) and diastolic (β=−1.261, p=0.038; β=−2.290, 0.031) blood pressure, respectively, among whites (n=548). Social cohesion was associated with higher systolic (β=4.905, p=0.009) and diastolic blood pressure (β=3.379, p=0.008) among African Americans (n=777). In one racially integrated lowincome community, community characteristics were associated with blood pressure levels, and associations differed by race. Directions of associations for two findings differed from prior studies; greater community problem was associated with lower blood pressure in whites and community social cohesion was associated with higher blood pressure in African Americans. These findings may be due to exposure to adverse environmental conditions and hypertensive risk factors in this low-income community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Sample and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Sample and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community Characteristics are Associated with Blood Pressure Levels in a Racially Integrated Community

Samuel

Thorpe²,

Bower³

et al. 2015

J Urban Health

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“…Therefore, it is difficult to determine how these two measures function separately or together to produce disparities. 9,15 Indeed, the most familiar approach to account for this confounding is to adjust for individual-level measures such as education, family, or individual income. Because there is unmeasured heterogeneity associated with substantial differences in the historical and sociopolitical contexts of race groups in the USA, this technique is inadequate to account for the distinct environments in which white and African-American men live.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling Race and Social Context in Understanding Disparities in Chronic Conditions among Men

et al. 2014

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Disparities in men's health research may inaccurately attribute differences in chronic conditions to race rather than the different health risk exposures in which men live. This study sought to determine whether living in the same social environment attenuates race disparities in chronic conditions among men. This study compared survey data collected in 2003 from black and white men with similar incomes living in a racially integrated neighborhood of Baltimore to data from the 2003 National Health Interview Survey. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated to determine whether race disparities in chronic conditions were attenuated among men living in the same social environment. In the national sample, black men exhibited greater odds of having hypertension (odds ratio [OR]=1.58, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.34, 1.86) and diabetes (OR=1.62, 95 % CI 1.27-2.08) than white men. In the sample of men living in the same social context, black and white respondents had similar odds of having hypertension (OR=1.05, 95 % CI 0.70, 1.59) and diabetes (OR=1.12, 95 % CI 0.57-2.22). There are no race disparities in chronic conditions among low-income, urban men living in the same social environment. Policies and interventions aiming to reduce disparities in chronic conditions should focus on modifying social aspects of the environment.

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Physical Health ofAfricanAmericans

Thorpe

Szanton

Walker

et al. 2015

The Encyclopedia of Adulthood and Aging

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The United States is undergoing a demographic shift and the health profile of its citizens will largely reflect the health of minorities. African Americans represent the second largest minority group in the United States. This entry describes the health profile of African Americans using key health status indicators, discuss social determinants of health and how interventions might play a critical role in improving the health of African Americans, and conclude with recommendations.

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Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities: Overview of the EHDIC Study

Cited by 69 publications

References 49 publications

Community Characteristics are Associated with Blood Pressure Levels in a Racially Integrated Community

Community Characteristics are Associated with Blood Pressure Levels in a Racially Integrated Community

Disentangling Race and Social Context in Understanding Disparities in Chronic Conditions among Men

Physical Health ofAfricanAmericans

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