Exploring gender differences in trauma exposure and the emergence of symptoms of PTSD among incarcerated men and women

Komarovskaya, Irina; Loper, Ann Booker; Warren, Janet I.; Jackson, Shelly L.

doi:10.1080/14789949.2011.572989

Cited by 90 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Consistent with prior work with male inmates (e.g., Komarovskaya et al, 2011;Mandelli et al, 2011;Wolff et al, 2009), rates of child maltreatment were enormously high and reflected a large amount of co-occurrence among various types of abuse and neglect. Also in line with prior work (e.g., Romano and De Luca, 1997;Simons et al, 2002), bivariate analyses showed the expected relations between early sexual abuse and the commission of sexual offenses as an adult.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Child maltreatment and adult criminal behavior: Does criminal thinking explain the association?

Cuadra

Jaffe

Thomas

et al. 2014

Child Abuse & Neglect

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Child maltreatment and adult criminal behavior: Does criminal thinking explain the association?

Cuadra

Jaffe

Thomas

et al. 2014

Child Abuse & Neglect

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“…If it did, this would be of concern because social support (i.e., “perceived or actual instrumental and/or expressive provisions supplied by the community, social networks, and confiding partners” (Lin 1986)) serves as an important protective factor for prisoners both during incarceration and at re-entry. Low perceived social support, referring to support from both inside and outside the prison (“everyone you know”), is associated with more suicide attempts in prison (Meltzer et al 2003), difficulties in community re-entry, substance use relapse and recidivism (Parsons and Warner-Robbins 2002; Liau et al 2004; Benda 2005). Among both incarcerated and non-incarcerated individuals, social support, specifically perceived emotional and practical support and number of people perceived as supportive, has also been found to be protective against various physical and psychological health outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and hopelessness (Johnson et al 2011; Biggam and Power 1997; Bradley and Cartwright 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between past trauma, current social support, and loneliness in incarcerated populations

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPrisoners are a vulnerable population with higher rates of trauma than community populations. Social support is important for both in–prison adjustment and post-release community re-entry. Loneliness, a related construct to social support, has been found to be associated with elevated rates of suicidal ideation and behavior, depression, and hopelessness in incarcerated populations.MethodsThis study explored the relationship of past physical, sexual, and crime-related trauma to current perceived social support and loneliness in a mixed-gender sample of 235 depressed prisoners enrolled in depression treatment studies.ResultsHistory of any trauma, regardless of type, as well as physical, sexual, and crime-related traumas were associated with lower current perceived social support scores (controlling for gender). Past sexual trauma and crime-related trauma were associated with higher levels of loneliness (controlling for gender), though history of any trauma and physical trauma was not.ConclusionFindings suggest that both overall trauma and specific types of trauma are linked to perceived social support and loneliness among incarcerated persons with major depressive disorder. This is the first study, to the authors’ knowledge, that specifically observed a relationship between past trauma and current social support and loneliness in prison populations. Many intervention programs for prisoners encourage them to develop non-criminogenic and substance-free social networks. These programs should be aware that individuals who have experienced interpersonal trauma may have additional interpersonal challenges, and may need strategies to address interpersonal deficits related to trauma exposure.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2194-7899-2-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…First, incarcerated women have higher rates than men of a history of child or adult abuse, 17,18 common antecedents to PTSD, depression, and other mental health or substance use disorders. 19–21 Rates of military sexual trauma and childhood trauma are high in female veterans, 22,23 thus, it is possible that these treatment needs are accentuated in the subset of justice-involved women who are military veterans. Second, type of crime also varies by sex, and could be another reason for observed sex differences in mental health and substance use disorders in this population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders and Treatment Entry Among Justice-involved Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration

et al. 2015

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Background Over half of veterans in the criminal justice system have mental health or substance use disorders. However, there is a critical lack of information about female veterans in the criminal justice system and how diagnosis prevalence and treatment entry differ by sex. Objectives To document prevalence of mental health and substance use disorder diagnoses and treatment entry rates among female veterans compared with male veterans in the justice system. Research Design Retrospective cohort study using national Veterans Health Administration clinical/administrative data from veterans seen by Veterans Justice Outreach Specialists in fiscal years 2010–2012. Subjects A total of 1535 females and 30,478 male veterans were included. Measures Demographic characteristics (eg, sex, age, residence, homeless status), mental health disorders (eg, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder), substance use disorders (eg, alcohol and opioid use disorders), and treatment entry (eg, outpatient, residential, pharmacotherapy). Results Among female veterans, prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders was 88% and 58%, respectively, compared with 76% and 72% among male veterans. Women had higher odds of being diagnosed with a mental health disorder [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.98; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.68–2.34] and lower odds of being diagnosed with a substance use disorder (AOR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.45–0.56) compared with men. Women had lower odds of entering mental health residential treatment (AOR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.57–0.83). Conclusions Female veterans involved in the justice system have a high burden of mental health disorders (88%) and more than half have substance use disorders (58%). Entry to mental health residential treatment for women is an important quality improvement target.

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Exploring gender differences in trauma exposure and the emergence of symptoms of PTSD among incarcerated men and women

Cited by 90 publications

References 30 publications

Child maltreatment and adult criminal behavior: Does criminal thinking explain the association?

Child maltreatment and adult criminal behavior: Does criminal thinking explain the association?

Associations between past trauma, current social support, and loneliness in incarcerated populations

Sex Differences in Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders and Treatment Entry Among Justice-involved Veterans in the Veterans Health Administration

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