Exploring Effects of Protease Choice and Protease Combinations in Enzymatic Protein Hydrolysis of Poultry By-Products

Abstract

A study of the effects of single and combined protease hydrolysis on myofibrillar versus collagenous proteins of poultry by-products has been conducted. The aim was to contribute with knowledge for increased value creation of all constituents of these complex by-products. A rational approach was implemented for selecting proteases exhibiting the most different activity towards the major protein-rich constituents of mechanically deboned chicken residue (MDCR). An initial activity screening of 18 proteases on chicken meat, turkey tendons and MDCR was conducted. Based on weight yield, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and SDS-PAGE, stem Bromelain and Endocut-02 were selected. Studies on hydrolysis of four different poultry by-products at 40 °C, evaluated by protein yield, SEC, and SDS-PAGE, indicate that the proteases’ selectivity difference can be utilized in tailor-making hydrolysates, enriched in either meat- and collagen-derived peptides or gelatin. Three modes of stem Bromelain and Endocut-02 combinations during hydrolysis of MDCR were performed and compared with single protease hydrolysis. All modes of the protease combinations resulted in a similar approximately 15% increase in product yield, with products exhibiting similar SEC and SDS-PAGE profiles. This shows that irrespective of the modes of combination, the use of more than one enzyme in hydrolysis of collagen-rich material can provide means to increase the total protein yield and ultimately contribute to increased value creation of poultry by-products.

Optimization of Valorization of Chicken MDCM to Produce Soluble Protein and Collagen Peptides

“…Table 3 shows the proximate composition of fractions produced in optimal conditions after 4 h of hydrolysis with one enzyme and the combination of enzymes using the optimal process conditions. Lindberg et al [20] also found that the recovery yield was higher when the time of hydrolyses was increased from 1 h to 3 h; however, little improvement in recovery was observed beyond the 3 h time. There were no considerable differences in protein concentrations between the hydrolysate fractions prepared with ERM1 or ERM 1 + 2, and ERM 1 alone was effective.…”

“…The longer enzymatic treatment (72 h) of MDCM was found also more favorable to achieve higher hydrolysate yield (6.2-6.8%); correspondingly, the total gelatin recovery was also significantly influenced by the extraction temperature and time with close to a final recovery yield of 46%. Lindberg et al [20], on the other hand, determine that the optimal combination of different proteases might be a good way toward more profitable processing with an increase in yield of 15% in poultry byproduct valorization, making the process even more profitable. The model was verified by repeating the experiments twice within the optimal process parameters, and similar results were found for the protein concentration and recovery values.…”

Bio-Scaffolds as Cell or Exosome Carriers for Nerve Injury Repair

“…Denatured collagen can be converted to gelatin by high temperature or treatment with strong acid, base or enzyme [80]. Dissolved in water, gelatin is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer that forms a hydrogel with thermo-sensitive holding properties.…”