Exploring Drug and Antibody-Based Treatment Options for Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Abstract

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by mutant PrP prion proteins, which accumulates and impairs the function of wild-type PrPc proteins. The interaction of prion proteins with wild-type proteins converts the PrPc proteins to mutant PrP proteins. These mutant prion proteins lead to neural tissue degradation and other nervous system problems that can eventually lead to death. The use of antibodies to target and destroy prion proteins can be used to decrease PrP levels that can stop CJD progression. The binding affinities of different anti-PrP Fab antibodies are analyzed to determine which antibody best binds to PrP proteins and targets them for destruction. Through antibody-based targeting of prion proteins, potential treatment methods could be developed for CJD. In addition, the use of drugs, such as quinacrine and doxycycline, also show short-term effects in decreasing the progression of CJD. These drugs extend the average lifespan of tested subjects with CJD but also lead to the development of drug-resistant prion proteins that eventually cause the death of the subject affected by CJD.

A Substantive Narrative Review on the Usage of Lidocaine in Cataract Surgery

“…However, it is also quintessential that individuals with cataracts get an early diagnosis to prevent detrimental health complications and diminishing returns on surgery. Perhaps in the future, artificial intelligence (AI) software that analyzes retinal scans could be built to help increase the frequency at which patients with cataracts get diagnosed [44][45][46][47][48][49]. In order to protect the safety of cataract surgery patients, further research on the effects of lidocaine must be continued.…”

Comparing Effectiveness of Different Microhomology Lengths in Microhomology Mediated End Joining (MMEJ) Repair of DNA Double Stranded Breaks (DSBs)

“…Signaling Pathways in Osteoclast-Driven Bone Metastases and psoriasis [5,24]. Future studies should also be conducted to ascertain why longer homologies are more efficient at repairing DSBs.…”

“…These disorders include ataxia-telangiectasia (AT), a degenerative motor condition caused by failure to repair oxidative damage in the cerebellum, and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), a condition characterized by sensitivity to sunlight and linked to a defect in an important ultraviolet (UV) damage repair pathway [4]. Studies have also explored genetic causes for diseases like Creutzfeldt Jakob's Disease (CJD) to be initiated by DNA damage [5].…”

The Application and Usage of Anesthetics in the Surgical Treatment of Orbital Cellulitis

“…Supplementary research involving chemical analysis and Western blot techniques may be required in order to answer this question [26,27]. Agents that help stabilize the integrity of red blood cells and anti-body proteins, such as EDTA, may be needed when conducting this research to give a clear understanding for why hyaluronidase can cause irritation in certain patients [28][29][30] . Although treatment options exist for severe cases of orbital cellulitis, it would be more ideal if more cases of orbital cellulitis were caught before they progressed to severe stages.…”