Exploring diverse wheat germplasm for novel alleles in HMW-GS for bread quality improvement

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most important cereals used worldwide in the form of a range of products. Crop landraces have been an immense source of diversity for the breeders. In the present study, 517 Indian wheat landraces have been observed for the difference in bread making quality by assessing allelic behaviour of high molecular weight-glutenin subunits (HMW-GS). A total of 33 Glu-1 alleles (3 at Glu-A1, 15 at Glu-B1 and 15 at Glu-D1) were detected in wheat landraces. Allelic frequency of HMW-GS allelic band pattern null, 17 + 18, 2 + 12 (24.75%) was found to be the highest. Allelic frequency of HMW-GS allele null (68.27%) at Glu-A1, 17 + 18 (49.14%) at Glu-B1, and 2 + 12 (72.81%) at Glu-D1 was found to be the highest Five Novel alleles were identified at Glu-D1 locus, 12*, 12.1, 12.1*, 12.2 and 12.3. As Glu-D1 has highest quality contribution as compared to Glu-A1 and Glu-B1, reporting novel alleles at Glu-D1 represents that genetic variability available for selection is increased and it will provide tools for breeders to further improve dough properties and bread making quality.

Exploring the End-Use Quality Potential of a Collection of Spanish Bread Wheat Landraces

“…Some rare combinations (i.e., 5+12, 2+12*, 12, and 2+10´) appeared at a low frequency. These combinations have been previously described in other germplasm collections [ 62 , 63 , 64 ], but this is the first time that they have been reported in Iberian landraces, probably due to the large number of and high diversity in the accessions analyzed here.…”

“…This may be due to the difficult assignment of this glutenin subunit using only standard SDS-PAGE electrophoresis but could also indicate that it is characteristic of Iberian landraces [42]. Regarding the Glu-B1 locus, it is worth noting that Spanish landraces present a high frequency of the subunit pairs 20x+20y and 13+16, whereas these combinations are absent in landraces from other regions of the world [60][61][62][63][64], indicating the specific conservation of these alleles in the Iberian Peninsula. The 13+16 pair has also been described at a high frequency (88%) in Triticum aestivum ssp.…”

Diversity analysis of 80,000 wheat accessions reveals consequences and opportunities of selection footprints

“…Wheat is the world’s most widely grown crop, with annual production in excess of 600 million tons across the Americas, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Africa. Wheat provides 20% of the total protein and calories in human nutrition 1 , and supplies ~40% of the dietary intake of essential micronutrients, including zinc, iron, manganese, magnesium, and vitamins B and E for millions of people, who rely on wheat-based diets 2 . It is also an important energy source for farm animals 3 and is processed for various other uses including fuel 4 , 5 .…”

Wheat Proteins: A Valuable Resources to Improve Nutritional Value of Bread

“…A range of studies has been explored for the probable impact of wheat seed storage proteins and their role in bread making taking different allelic combinations (Gupta and Shepherd, 1989;Goel et al, 2015). A minute wheat seed storage protein, Triticin, was also thought to improve quality of bread product (Goel et al, 2015(Goel et al, , 2018b. Extensive studies are also available on quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, depicting the role of the genetic loci on end-product bread quality and nutritional enhancement (Charmet et al, 2001;Li et al, 2009;Goel et al, 2019;Suliman et al, 2021).…”