Exploring distance encodings with a tactile display to convey turn by turn information in automobiles

Guiding Tourists through Haptic Interaction: Vibration Feedback in the Lund Time Machine

“…Our results agree with the designs used in [7,16], while they disagree with some of the mappings in [1,11]. In [11], shorter tactile stimuli are used at closer distances (opposite to our recommendation), while the recommendation for longer pulses agrees with two of the designs in [1].…”

“…In [11], shorter tactile stimuli are used at closer distances (opposite to our recommendation), while the recommendation for longer pulses agrees with two of the designs in [1]. In contrast, the recommendation for shorter periods closer to the object does not agree with the designs used in [1].…”

“…In contrast, the recommendation for shorter periods closer to the object does not agree with the designs used in [1]. There is obviously room for more advanced designs with pulse trains for example, but if one wants intuitive designs these mappings should preferably not be mixed (as they would be if one has long pulses and periods at close distances and short pulses and periods at long distances [1]). …”

“…This study reports on the perceived simplicity of judging the distance for the different mappings, but participants were able to learn the patterns so first impressions on intuitiveness were not recorded. In [1], rhythm, intensity and duration are again investigated. The study designs were based on a pilot study with one participant who indicated that she got stronger sensations with fewer pulses (opposite to the designs in e.g.…”

“…[7]). Thus all designs in [1] have few pulses at close distance. Since we wanted to include the distance in the feedback given to the user and there seems to be no clear recommendation for what is intuitive, we decided to do a simple test where we included both the mapping we thought intuitive as well as the opposite.…”