Exploring differences in adolescent BMI and obesity-related behaviors by urban, suburban, and rural status

Kirkpatrick, Brittany M; Yuhas, Maryam; Zoellner, Jamie

doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101960

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Our finding that non-Hispanic Black children had higher odds of being overweight or obese is consistent with several studies in which similar findings were reported ( 7 , 27 , 28 ). Other factors, including racial segregation and crime, have been associated with a higher obesity prevalence ( 28 ), which may at least partially explain the increased odds of overweight or obesity among racial and ethnic minority children in our study, despite adjusting for sociodemographic factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Although a smaller percentage of rural children were physically inactive compared with urban children, we found no rural–urban differences after adjusting for the sociodemographic characteristics of the child and the child’s household and the child’s special health needs status. This finding is similar to recent research indicating that levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity do not differ by rurality ( 27 ). Previous research showed that the prevalence of physical inactivity is lower among rural children than urban children aged 2 to 11 years but is similar among those aged 12 to 19 years ( 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The unadjusted differences in food insecurity between rural and urban children appeared to be mostly mitigated by Hispanic ethnicity, special health needs, and household income levels. Recent research suggested that rates of fruit and vegetable consumption were lower among rural adolescents than among suburban and urban adolescents but that proportionately fewer rural adolescents than suburban adolescents consumed junk foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and sugary foods ( 27 ). However, adjusting for sex, race and ethnicity, and family household income showed that consumption of fruits and vegetables and these unhealthy foods was higher only among suburban adolescents ( 27 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research suggested that rates of fruit and vegetable consumption were lower among rural adolescents than among suburban and urban adolescents but that proportionately fewer rural adolescents than suburban adolescents consumed junk foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and sugary foods ( 27 ). However, adjusting for sex, race and ethnicity, and family household income showed that consumption of fruits and vegetables and these unhealthy foods was higher only among suburban adolescents ( 27 ). These findings suggest that income differences by rurality is an important factor that may underlie rural–urban differences in food insecurity and dietary behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rural–Urban Differences in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity, and Food Security Among Children and Adolescents

Crouch,

Abshire,

Wirth

et al. 2023

Prev. Chronic Dis.

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Introduction Childhood obesity has been associated with numerous poor health conditions, with geographic disparities demonstrated. Limited research has examined the association between rurality and food security, physical activity, and overweight or obesity among children. We examined rates of food security, physical inactivity, and overweight or obesity among rural and urban children and adolescents, and associations between rurality and these 3 outcomes. Methods We used cross-sectional data from a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents aged 10 to 17 years from the 2019–2020 National Survey of Children’s Health (N = 23,199). We calculated frequencies, proportions, and unadjusted associations for each variable by using descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses. We used multivariable logistic regression models to examine the association between rurality and food security, physical activity, and overweight or obesity. Results After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, rural children and adolescents had higher odds than urban children and adolescents of being overweight or obese (adjusted odds ratio = 1.30; 95% CI, 1.11–1.52); associations between rurality and physical inactivity and food insecurity were not significant. Conclusion The information from this study is timely for policy makers and community partners to make informed decisions on the allocation of healthy weight and obesity prevention programs for children and adolescents in rural settings. Our study provides information for public health programming and the designing of appropriate dietary and physical activity interventions needed to reduce disparities in obesity prevention among children and adolescents.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rural–Urban Differences in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity, and Food Security Among Children and Adolescents

Crouch,

Abshire,

Wirth

et al. 2023

Prev. Chronic Dis.

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“…In the United States, adolescents living in rural environment had a greater chance of being obese than those living in urban areas, the obesity rate was higher among rural children than urban children (OR = 1.26) (28). However, another study, in addition to the division into urban and rural areas, including suburban ones, showed no differences in BMI percentiles concerning rurality, although suburban status was significantly associated with several diet-related risk factors (29). On the contrary, data from a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey in Indonesia showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents was higher in urban areas (17%) than in rural areas (13.5%), and in a multivariate logistic regression model analysis, after controlling for all variables, children and adolescents living in urban areas were all significantly associated with a higher risk of overweight and obesity (30).…”

Section: Univariate Logistic Regression Multivariate Logistic Regress...mentioning

confidence: 94%

Prevalence of obesity and impact of socio-demographic factors on obesity in 15-19 years old adolescents in Vojvodina, Serbia

Petrović,

Čanković

2023

Cent Eur J Public Health

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of overweight/obesity in 15-19 years old adolescents in the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, and to evaluate the association between obesity and socio-demographic factors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in high schools in the territory of Vojvodina, Serbia. The sample consisted of 986 high-school students (47.4% girls and 52.6% boys). Body height, body weight, and waist circumference were measured. Obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI)-for-age value > x ̅ + 2 SD, and overweight as a BMI-for-age value > x ̅ + 1 SD and ≤ x ̅ + 2 SD. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) of ≥ 0.5 was considered high risk. Socio-demographic data was collected using a questionnaire developed for this study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were implemented.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents was 19.6% and 10.1%, respectively. Boys were more likely to be obese than girls (OR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.37-2.56). Adolescents living in suburban areas had a greater chance of obesity compared to those living in urban areas (OR = 1.84; 95% CI: 1.15-2.94), as well as those who attended trade schools compared to gymnasium students (OR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.20-3.07). The lower level of the father's education was a significant predictor of obesity. Predictors of high-risk WHtR were gender, high school type, and the father's education level.Conclusions: Obesity and abdominal obesity are highly prevalent in adolescents in Vojvodina, more in boys. Gender, community type and the level of the father's education were confirmed as significant factors that influenced both obesity and abdominal obesity. This study could help to customize health promotion policies for adolescents in Vojvodina.

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Sex differences in the nutritional status and its association with long-term prognosis in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a prospective cohort study

Kałużna-Oleksy,

Krysztofiak,

Sawczak

et al. 2024

European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing

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Aims Many studies show the association between malnutrition and poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. Our research aimed to analyse sex differences in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), emphasizing nutritional status and the influence of selected parameters on the prognosis. Methods and results We enrolled 276 consecutive patients diagnosed with HFrEF. Nutritional status was assessed using Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), and body mass index (BMI). The mean follow-up period was 564.4 ± 346.3 days. The analysed group included 81.2% of men. The median age was 58, interquartile range (IQR) 49–64 years. Among all patients, almost 60% were classified as NYHA III or IV. Half of the participants were at risk of malnutrition, and 2.9% were malnourished. During follow-up, 72 (26.1%) patients died. The female sex was not associated with a higher occurrence of malnutrition (P = 0.99) or nutritional risk (P = 0.85), according to MNA. Coherently, GNRI scores did not differ significantly between the sexes (P = 0.29). In contrast, BMI was significantly higher in males (29.4 ± 5.3 vs. 25.9 ± 4.7; P < 0.001). Impaired nutritional status assessed with any method (MNA, GNRI, BMI) was not significantly associated with a worse prognosis. In multivariable analysis, NYHA class, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate, higher B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), higher N-terminal fragment of proBNP, and higher uric acid were independent of sex and age predictors of all-cause mortality. Conclusion There were no sex differences in the nutritional status in the HFrEF patients, apart from lower BMI in females. Impaired nutritional status was not associated with mortality in both men and women.

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Exploring differences in adolescent BMI and obesity-related behaviors by urban, suburban, and rural status

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Rural–Urban Differences in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity, and Food Security Among Children and Adolescents

Rural–Urban Differences in Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity, and Food Security Among Children and Adolescents

Prevalence of obesity and impact of socio-demographic factors on obesity in 15-19 years old adolescents in Vojvodina, Serbia

Sex differences in the nutritional status and its association with long-term prognosis in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a prospective cohort study

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