Exploring Determinants of Vaccination Rates among Pediatric Populations in East Gojam, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Abstract

Introduction: Vaccination is a critical public health intervention that significantly reduces morbidity and mortality among children. Despite its importance, vaccination coverage remains suboptimal in many regions, including East Gojam, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. This study investigates the socio-demographic, economic, and cultural determinants of vaccination status among pediatric populations in East Gojam. Methods: Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 1,900 respondents, categorizing vaccination status as not vaccinated, partially vaccinated, or fully vaccinated. Multinomial logistic regression analyzed the impact of predictors such as child age, gender, parental education level, household income, geographic location, and access to healthcare, and trust in healthcare providers, sources of vaccination information, cultural beliefs, and perceived government support for vaccination. Results: The results revealed that higher parental education levels and urban residence positively influence vaccination rates. Older children were less likely to be fully vaccinated, indicating a need for targeted outreach. Access to healthcare services and trust in healthcare providers significantly promoted vaccination, while negative cultural beliefs and misinformation adversely affected vaccination rates. Perceived government support for vaccination was also a significant predictor. Conclusion: The study concludes that addressing these multifaceted determinants through educational programs, improved healthcare access, trust-building initiatives, accurate information dissemination, and stronger governmental support, targeted outreach for older children, community engagement, and multi-sectoral collaboration can enhance vaccination coverage and improve public health outcomes in East Gojam and similar settings.